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O Perigo Concreto, entre Factos e Valorações: Contributo para a delimitação do elemento objectivo dos crimes de perigo concreto
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Resumo(s)
O perigo concreto, enquanto resultado em sentido jurídico-penal, constitui uma consequência da acção, a comprovar com independência desta. À partida, dir-se-ia que o juízo de prognose póstuma respectivo se haveria de basear em todas as circunstâncias do caso concreto actualizadas até determinado momento, independentemente da sua cognoscibilidade. Só que, nos termos do princípio da causalidade – uma hipótese
filosófica e científica que ainda hoje se mantém válida na generalidade dos domínios –, essa pretensão implicaria a negação tendencial do perigo. E mesmo quando assim não seja – por, na prática, não termos a possibilidade de aceder a todas as circunstâncias relevantes e atingir o estádio da certeza –, a pretensão de exaustividade torna-se arbitrária. Sendo inabarcáveis as circunstâncias potencialmente pertinentes, a recusa de qualquer abstracção tem como consequência que o julgador inevitavelmente seleccione umas em detrimento de outras, sem que seja possível discernir um critério controlável objectivamente. Torna-se, por isso, imprescindível adoptar um qualquer ponto de vista para a realização do juízo de prognose póstuma. Qual? E que critérios adicionais relevam? Por fim, em que consiste o juízo de perigo propriamente dito?
Concrete endangerment is an objective element of the offenses of concrete endangerment, independent of the element of action. As such, it would seem that the probability at its core should be calculated considering all circumstances existent at a given moment of time, even if then not possibly knowable. However, if that was the case, according to the principle of causation – a valid philosophic and scientific hypothesis for most domains –, concrete endangerment would have to be denied in most cases. Even if that was not so – in practice, it is not possible to know every circumstance and reach a level of certain knowledge –, the aim of a complete and thorough consideration of the case would be arbitrary: there are so many circumstances that it turns out unavoidable that the judge chooses some and not others. It is indispensable that such choice is made according to an objective and plausible criterion. Which one? And what other criteria are relevant? Finally, what are the elements of the judgement of endangerment itself?
Concrete endangerment is an objective element of the offenses of concrete endangerment, independent of the element of action. As such, it would seem that the probability at its core should be calculated considering all circumstances existent at a given moment of time, even if then not possibly knowable. However, if that was the case, according to the principle of causation – a valid philosophic and scientific hypothesis for most domains –, concrete endangerment would have to be denied in most cases. Even if that was not so – in practice, it is not possible to know every circumstance and reach a level of certain knowledge –, the aim of a complete and thorough consideration of the case would be arbitrary: there are so many circumstances that it turns out unavoidable that the judge chooses some and not others. It is indispensable that such choice is made according to an objective and plausible criterion. Which one? And what other criteria are relevant? Finally, what are the elements of the judgement of endangerment itself?
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Palavras-chave
Crimes de Perigo Concreto