Unveiling the Thermo-Hygrometric Influence of Summer Sea and Estuarine Breezes (SEBs) in Lisbon (Portugal)

Reis, Cláudia; Lopes, António; Nouri, A. Santos; Vasconcelos, João

http://hdl.handle.net/10362/180527

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Local wind, such as sea breezes, play a crucial role in cooling coastal cities. This study presents new insights about the thermo-hygrometric influence of the Tagus and Atlantic Ocean breezes (sea and estuarine breezes [SEBs]) in Lisbon’s urban climate (Portugal). SEB events were identified in the summer of 2022 according to a wind rotation criterion: the interruption of prevailing North and Northwest (Nortada) winds during the morning, the wind shift to Northeast/East/Southeast and, sometimes, to further South/Southwest/West (rotation between 22.6° and 292.5°) and the return of the regional flow at late afternoon. Additionally, air temperature and absolute humidity anomalies (ΔT/Haurb) were calculated according to the distance to the riverfront area. Results show that SEB occurred on 37 (31%) out of 120 days, mainly in July (43%) and August (32%), between, on average, 10:00 AM and 4:00 PM, and average wind speeds of 3.4 m/s. According to the daily thermo-hygrometric cycle, the areas up to 4 km of the Tagus estuary were, on average, cooler than northern Lisbon during SEB events, especially the areas up to 500 m (average ΔTurb reached −1.7°C). Additionally, there was a significant increase in the moisture content during SEB hours across the city but especially close to the riverfront area: the areas up to 500 m registered, on average, ΔHaurb of 4.2 g/m3 on SEB events (12:00 PM) against 2.1 g/m3 during typical Nortada days. This research is a starting point for a future delimitation and preservation of SEB penetration zones in Lisbon to address outdoor thermal discomfort during summer.

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Funding Information: This research was funded by FCT (Funda\u00E7\u00E3o para a Ci\u00EAncia e Tecnologia) through the the strategic projects UIBD/04292/2020 (https:// doi.org/10.54499/UIDB/04292/2020). Publisher Copyright: © 2024 Cláudia Reis et al.

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air temperature humidity Lisbon local wind systems sea breezes urban climate Geophysics Pollution Atmospheric Science SDG 11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities SDG 13 - Climate Action