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Processos colaborativos em planeamento para a sustentabilidade - da teoria à prática, um contributo para o modelo de avaliação
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Atualmente, a sociedade vive uma era ímpar da informação e de desenvolvimento tecnológico.
Embora essa situação pareça promissora, o facto é que, simultaneamente, novas preocupações
decorrentes da sobre-exploração dos recursos do planeta refletem um afastamento da sociedade em relação aos ideais de sustentabilidade. Este contexto gera um aumento de questões complexas que requerem soluções holísticas e integradas, e que frequentemente estão envoltas em controvérsia, desafiando as instituições e os modelos de democracia existentes. Isto levou a que as políticas públicas modernas sentissem a necessidade de novas estruturas e de vínculos mais interativos entre as instituições e a sociedade civil. Emergem, assim, nas últimas décadas e com um aumento exponencial, os processos de participação pública apoiados em formatos de mobilização intensa, como são os processos colaborativos de co-construção de
conhecimento.
No entanto, apesar do reconhecimento dos benefícios destes formatos, estes encontram, muitas vezes, resistência na sua aplicação. Parte dessa resistência pode estar relacionada com a ausência de instrumentos adequados para avaliar a sua eficácia e dar a conhecer aos envolvidos os resultados. A bibliografia evidencia lacunas a este nível, especialmente associadas à dificuldade de medir resultados que surgem de forma progressiva, mas por vezes mais sustentada, deixando assim de fora a avaliação do grau de sustentabilidade do projeto e a sua capacidade transformadora. Estes resultados - intangíveis - do processo participativo englobam parte dos benefícios gerados na tomada de decisão associados a este tipo de processos, ao
transformarem os envolvidos e, consequentemente, a sociedade tornando-a mais sustentável.
Em paralelo, a literatura revela que a avaliação da participação pública não é utilizada na prática
nem como prática, existindo um distanciamento entre os critérios ao nível teórico e o modo
de os operacionalizar na prática, afetando a sua integração na avaliação formal do processo Esta investigação contribui para a melhoria de duas lacunas de conhecimento identificadas: 1)
as metodologias de avaliação dirigidas aos resultados intangíveis e a longo prazo, e 2) a operacionalização da avaliação como prática no terreno.
Numa primeira fase, o processo metodológico envolveu a exploração das várias metodologias
de avaliação comumente utilizadas recorrendo a análise bibliográfica e a um conjunto de testemunhos da experiência de avaliação de processos de participação, permitindo compreender
e reforçar o quadro conceptual da avaliação, juntamente com a aplicação da metodologia SWOT. Com base nos resultados e de forma a responder às lacunas identificadas, foi desenvolvida uma solução holística, apoiada em tecnologias digitais, que permite agilizar a operacionalização e a acessibilidade a modelos de avaliação. Esta solução constitui, numa primeira parte, o Repositório de publicações com a avaliação de processos de participação.
Numa segunda parte, é proposto o Sistema de Planeamento e Gestão da avaliação que integra
a avaliação dos intangíveis e resultados a longo prazo (pós-processo), representando uma ferramenta holística que permite refletir e decidir sobre o processo de avaliação de uma forma
orientada e, desta forma, contribuir para a introdução da avaliação no planeamento de processos colaborativos de co-construção de conhecimento.
Conclui-se que a abordagem proposta contribui para reforçar o papel destes processos colaborativos na promoção do desenvolvimento sustentável, ao evidenciar os seus resultados através da avaliação.
Today, society is living in a unique era of information and technological development. Although this situation seems promising, the fact is that, at the same time, new concerns arising from the over-exploitation of the planet's resources reflect society's drift away from the ideals of sustainability. This context is giving rise to an increase in complex issues that require holistic and integrated solutions, and which are often shrouded in controversy, challenging existing institutions and models of democracy. This has led to modern public policies feeling the need for new structures and more interactive links between institutions and civil society. This is how public participation processes have emerged in recent decades, with an exponential increase, based on intense mobilisation formats, such as collaborative knowledge co-construction processes. However, despite recognising the benefits of these formats, there is often resistance to applying them. Part of this resistance may be related to the lack of suitable instruments to evaluate their effectiveness and inform those involved of the results. The literature shows gaps at this level, especially associated with the difficulty of measuring results that emerge progressively, but sometimes more sustainably, thus leaving out the assessment of the degree of sustainability of the project and its transformative capacity. These intangible results of the participatory process include part of the decision-making benefits associated with this type of process. At the same time, the evaluation of public participation is not used in practice or as a practice. This represents a gap between the criteria at a theoretical level and how to operationalise them in practice, affecting their inclusion in the formal evaluation of the process. To contribute to improving the two gaps identified, the methodological process involved exploring the various evaluation methodologies commonly used using bibliographical analysis and a set of testimonies from the experience of evaluating participation processes. This made it possible to understand and reinforce the conceptual framework for evaluation, together with the application of the SWOT methodology. Based on the results and in order to respond to the gaps identified, a holistic digital technology-supported solution was developed to facilitate the operationalisation and accessibility of evaluation models. The first part of this solution is the Repository of publications with the evaluation of the participation process. The second part proposes the Evaluation Planning and Management System, which integrates the evaluation of intangibles and long-term results (post-process). It represents a holistic tool that allows you to reflect and decide on the evaluation process in a targeted way and thus contribute to the introduction of evaluation in the planning of a collaborative process of co-construction of knowledge in the sustainability area. In conclusion, the proposed approach could strengthen the role of these collaborative processes in promoting sustainable development by highlighting outcomes through evaluation.
Today, society is living in a unique era of information and technological development. Although this situation seems promising, the fact is that, at the same time, new concerns arising from the over-exploitation of the planet's resources reflect society's drift away from the ideals of sustainability. This context is giving rise to an increase in complex issues that require holistic and integrated solutions, and which are often shrouded in controversy, challenging existing institutions and models of democracy. This has led to modern public policies feeling the need for new structures and more interactive links between institutions and civil society. This is how public participation processes have emerged in recent decades, with an exponential increase, based on intense mobilisation formats, such as collaborative knowledge co-construction processes. However, despite recognising the benefits of these formats, there is often resistance to applying them. Part of this resistance may be related to the lack of suitable instruments to evaluate their effectiveness and inform those involved of the results. The literature shows gaps at this level, especially associated with the difficulty of measuring results that emerge progressively, but sometimes more sustainably, thus leaving out the assessment of the degree of sustainability of the project and its transformative capacity. These intangible results of the participatory process include part of the decision-making benefits associated with this type of process. At the same time, the evaluation of public participation is not used in practice or as a practice. This represents a gap between the criteria at a theoretical level and how to operationalise them in practice, affecting their inclusion in the formal evaluation of the process. To contribute to improving the two gaps identified, the methodological process involved exploring the various evaluation methodologies commonly used using bibliographical analysis and a set of testimonies from the experience of evaluating participation processes. This made it possible to understand and reinforce the conceptual framework for evaluation, together with the application of the SWOT methodology. Based on the results and in order to respond to the gaps identified, a holistic digital technology-supported solution was developed to facilitate the operationalisation and accessibility of evaluation models. The first part of this solution is the Repository of publications with the evaluation of the participation process. The second part proposes the Evaluation Planning and Management System, which integrates the evaluation of intangibles and long-term results (post-process). It represents a holistic tool that allows you to reflect and decide on the evaluation process in a targeted way and thus contribute to the introduction of evaluation in the planning of a collaborative process of co-construction of knowledge in the sustainability area. In conclusion, the proposed approach could strengthen the role of these collaborative processes in promoting sustainable development by highlighting outcomes through evaluation.
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Palavras-chave
Processos Colaborativos Co-construção de conhecimento Avaliação Resultados intangíveis e-Planeamento Tecnologias digitais