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  • Pharmaceutically Active Compounds in Wastewater Treatment Plants
    Publication . Ferreira, Ana Rita; Guedes, Paula; Mateus, Eduardo P.; Ribeiro, Alexandra B.; Couto, Nazaré; CENSE - Centro de Investigação em Ambiente e Sustentabilidade; DCEA - Departamento de Ciências e Engenharia do Ambiente; Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier (ITQB)
    Emerging organic contaminants are one of the main threats to the environment and society. The primary source of these contaminants in the environment is wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) that cannot eliminate all of these compounds. Pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) deserve special attention as new substances are constantly being developed, and the number of these compounds that reach consumers is increasing. The consequences of PhACs to human health are not yet subjected to regulatory criteria or norms; nevertheless, chronic toxicity in biodiversity has already been reported. In response to global environmental concerns, there has been increasing interest in sustainable solutions to remove these compounds from effluent in WWTPs. Electrochemical technologies developed for effluent treatment were designed to promote PhAC degradation and safe effluent discharge. Understanding the relationship between different anode characteristics and electrochemical oxidation performance is essential for developing a cost‐efficient technology to remove contaminants from wastewater. In this context, the performance of graphite and platinized electrodes were compared in the electrochemical oxidation of selected emerging organic contaminants in a recirculating flow reactor.
  • EcoTerra Model - application of environmental fiscal reform in local government financing in Portugal
    Publication . Melo, João Joanaz de; Prates, J
    Land use management is one of the least studied, more diffi cult, but possibly one of the most important fi elds for the application of economic instruments in environmental policy. Present biodiversity loss is a consequence of the decisions of many individual users of environmental products and service fl ows. This is a result of the ‘unpriced scarcity’ and ‘lack of property rights’ nature of the environment. The social value of various biodiversity goods and service fl ows is not or is insuffi - ciently refl ected in market prices. As a result, an undesirable level of provision of these goods and services will result in their destruction or degradation