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Testing quantum electrodynamics in extreme fields using helium-like uranium
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Quantum electrodynamics (QED), the quantum field theory that describes the interaction between light and matter, is commonly regarded as the best-tested quantum theory in modern physics. However, this claim is mostly based on extremely precise studies performed in the domain of relatively low field strengths and light atoms and ions 1–6. In the realm of very strong electromagnetic fields such as in the heaviest highly charged ions (with nuclear charge Z ≫ 1), QED calculations enter a qualitatively different, non-perturbative regime. Yet, the corresponding experimental studies are very challenging, and theoretical predictions are only partially tested. Here we present an experiment sensitive to higher-order QED effects and electron–electron interactions in the high-Z regime. This is achieved by using a multi-reference method based on Doppler-tuned X-ray emission from stored relativistic uranium ions with different charge states. The energy of the 1s 1/22p 3/2 J = 2 → 1s 1/22s 1/2 J = 1 intrashell transition in the heaviest two-electron ion (U90+) is obtained with an accuracy of 37 ppm. Furthermore, a comparison of uranium ions with different numbers of bound electrons enables us to disentangle and to test separately the one-electron higher-order QED effects and the bound electron–electron interaction terms without the uncertainty related to the nuclear radius. Moreover, our experimental result can discriminate between several state-of-the-art theoretical approaches and provides an important benchmark for calculations in the strong-field domain.
Descrição
Funding Information: The results presented here are based on the experiment E125, which is performed at the infrastructure ESR at the GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, in the framework of FAIR Phase-0 and SPARC collaboration. This work is supported by the Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme of the European Union and grant agreement no. 6544002. We acknowledge the support provided by ErUM FSP T05-‘Aufbau von APPA bei FAIR’ (BMBF nos. 05P19SJFAA and 05P21SJFA1). We thank A. Malyshev, V. Shabaev and Y. Kozhedub for providing previously unknown theoretical results and also for the discussions on theoretical uncertainties. M.T. thanks the ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI and Alexander von Humboldt Foundation for their support for the stays at the GSI for the preparation and data acquisition. L.D. acknowledges funding support from the Initiative Physique des Infinis (IPI), a research training programme of the Idex SUPER at Sorbonne Université. Funding Information: The results presented here are based on the experiment E125, which is performed at the infrastructure ESR at the GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, in the framework of FAIR Phase-0 and SPARC collaboration. This work is supported by the Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme of the European Union and grant agreement no. 6544002. We acknowledge the support provided by ErUM FSP T05-‘Aufbau von APPA bei FAIR’ (BMBF nos. 05P19SJFAA and 05P21SJFA1). We thank A. Malyshev, V. Shabaev and Y. Kozhedub for providing previously unknown theoretical results and also for the discussions on theoretical uncertainties. M.T. thanks the ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI and Alexander von Humboldt Foundation for their support for the stays at the GSI for the preparation and data acquisition. L.D. acknowledges funding support from the Initiative Physique des Infinis (IPI), a research training programme of the Idex SUPER at Sorbonne Université. Publisher Copyright: © 2024, The Author(s).
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