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Approach and Permanent Human Occupation of Mainland Portugal Coastal Zone (1096–2021)
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Resumo(s)
This paper aims to enhance the understanding of the littoralization process in mainland Portugal over a broad chronological framework. Littoralization is defined as the occupation and settlement of human communities along the coast. In this case, the analysis was based on the synchronic analysis of three chronologies: from the formation of Portugal to the settlement of the fountains (1096–1325); at the dawn of modernity, marked by the Portuguese expansion (1500–1524), with the first scientific census (1860); and in the present, with data from the last census (2021). The choice of chronology was dictated by the historical sources available and allowed us to check the trend of population dispersion both in terms of latitude and longitude, the latter being the analysis of the distance of the main population centers (counties) from the coast. In the first chronological segment, there is a “safety distance” from the exposed coastlines, which is gradually blurred over time until there is an impressive coastal demographic concentration in 2021, with around 80% of people settled within 50 km of the sea. So, the management of Portugal’s territory is an unequivocal indicator of the Anthropocene even with the risks of the disappearance of some beaches.
Descrição
Funding Information: The authors acknowledge the financial support of Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT) given to Litoralias project—https://litoralias.pt/ (accessed on 14 March 2024)—through the strategic project granted to CITCEM-Transdisciplinary Research Centre «Culture, Space and Memory» R&D unit of the University of Porto (UIDB/04059/2020). This study was also funded by Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT, Portugal), through the strategic projects UIDB/04292/2020—https://doi.org/10.54499/UIDB/04292/2020 (accessed on 14 March 2024) and UIDP/04292/2020—https://doi.org/10.54499/UIDP/04292/2020 (accessed on 14 March 2024) granted to MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, and the project LA/P/0069/2020—https://doi.org/10.54499/LA/P/0069/2020 (accessed on 14 March 2024) granted to the Associate Laboratory ARNET—Aquatic Research Network. Publisher Copyright: © 2024 by the authors.
Palavras-chave
demographic distribution history of the approach to the coast human-environment interactions Biochemistry Geography, Planning and Development Aquatic Science Water Science and Technology