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Efficient removal of perfluorooctanoic acid using fluorinated ionic liquids and granular activated carbon

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Perfluoroalkylated and polyfluoroalkylated substances (PFAS) are persistent and bioaccumulative compounds in the environment and the human body. Their presence in high concentrations brings devastating consequences to health. Nowadays, there is an urgent need to develop efficient and sustainable processes that mitigate the damage caused by PFAS to improve the life quality of individuals. In the present work, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) extraction properties with fluorinated ionic liquids (FILs) in aqueous media were evaluated for the first time. The most promising FIL is [P44414] [C4F9SO3] obtaining uptake capacities up to 280 mg·g−1 in 72 h. To verify if this performance is competitive for the best materials used so far in the literature for PFAS removal, adsorption processes were carried out with granular activated carbon (GAC) obtaining adsorption capacities up to 666 mg·g−1 (best fitted with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model) with an equilibrium time of 48 h. Equilibrium assays showed maximum uptake capacities around 500 mg.g−1, and multilayer adsorption due to the best fit to the Freundlich model. Both materials (FILs and GAC1240W) can open new paths in PFAS removal processes from aqueous solutions. Taking advantage of the properties of each one of these compounds, new, more efficient, and sustainable processes can be optimised in the future.

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Funding Information: The authors acknowledge the financial support from the European Union's Horizon Europe research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 101082048 \u2212 the MAR2PROTECT project. This work was also financed by national funds from FCT/MCTES (Portugal) through Associate Laboratory for Green Chemistry\u2013LAQV (LA/P/0008/2020 (https://doi.org/10.54499/LA/P/0008/2020), UIDP/50006/2020 (https://doi.org/10.54499/UIDP/50006/2020), and UIDB/50006/2020 (https://doi.org/10.54499/UIDB/50006/2020)), grant 2022.154488.BD (M.C.N), the contracts of Individual Call to Scientific Employment Stimulus 2020.00835.CEECIND (J.M.M.A.) / 2021.01432.CEECIND (A.B.P.) / CEECIND/004431/2022 (I.M.), and the Norma Transit\u00F3ria DL 57/2016 Program Contract (M.B.). Funding Information: The authors acknowledge the financial support from the European Union\u2019s Horizon Europe research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 101082048 \u2212 the MAR2PROTECT project. This work was also financed by national funds from FCT/MCTES (Portugal) through Associate Laboratory for Green Chemistry\u2013LAQV (LA/P/0008/2020 ( https://doi.org/10.54499/LA/P/0008/2020) , UIDP/50006/2020 ( https://doi.org/10.54499/UIDP/50006/2020) , and UIDB/50006/2020 ( https://doi.org/10.54499/UIDB/50006/2020)) , grant 2022.154488.BD (M.C.N), the contracts of Individual Call to Scientific Employment Stimulus 2020.00835.CEECIND (J.M.M.A.) / 2021.01432.CEECIND (A.B.P.) / CEECIND/004431/2022 (I.M.), and the Norma Transit\u00F3ria DL 57/2016 Program Contract (M.B.). Publisher Copyright: © 2024 The Author(s)

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Adsorption processes Fluorinated compounds Fluorinated ionic liquids Porous solid matrices Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics Condensed Matter Physics Spectroscopy Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Materials Chemistry SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being

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