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Apropriação participativa de memórias fotográficas coloniais: o arquivo e a construção de narrativas na Guiné-Bissau"
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Esta tese procura investigar o potencial da apropriação participativa da fotografia de arquivo, pela metodologia participativa foto-elicitação (Collier & Collier, 1986), para uma desconstrução e, consequentemente, (re)construção ética da narrativa colonial. Através da imagem fotográfica, pretende-se romper com a história única legitimada pelas ideologias coloniais, retirando a dominação de um discurso, procurando encontrar uma narrativa expandida, na procura da verdade pela escuta de vozes que a viveram e ainda vivem as suas
consequências. A metodologia participativa implementada pretende criar um diálogo sobre a temática colonial, envolvendo pessoas que habitam o país colonizado, que ocupam o mesmo espaço, noutro tempo, onde foi perpetrada a colonização pelos portugueses. As relações de poder pretendem ser amenizadas ao criar uma ponte entre o ponto de vista do ex-colonizador e a percepção do ex-colonizado. Integrada no projeto Photo Impulse (O Impulso Fotográfico: Medindo as Colónias e os Corpos Colonizados. O Arquivo Fotográfico e
Fílmico das Missões Portuguesas de Geografia e Antropologia), a base da investigação assenta sobre a coleção fotográfica da Missão Antropológica e Etnológica da Guiné (1946-47), Universidade de Lisboa/Museu Nacional de História Natural e da Ciência, liderada por Amílcar Mateus e criada pelo Ministério das Colónias – Junta das Missões Geográficas e Investigações Coloniais, com o intuito de servir os propósitos de investigação coloniais. O trabalho de campo foi realizado em dezembro de 2021. Das várias categorias que integram esta coleção fotográfica, a seleção das categorias Tipo, Vida na Missão e Diversos são
sujeitas a foto-elicitação na Guiné-Bissau, junto a catorze participantes, do género masculino e feminino, com idades entre os 21 e os 60 anos, habitantes das cidades de Cacheu, Mansôa e Bissau. As fotografias são retiradas do Arquivo em Portugal, pela sua digitalização, e levadas ao seu local original de captação, onde adquirem a função de elicitar memórias e narrativas por parte de uma amostra da população guineense, juntando a narrativa fotográfica colonial à sua percepção colonizada. Através da foto-elicitação criamos
uma oportunidade para uma construção participativa de conhecimento e para uma possibilidade de descolonizar o legado visual colonialista.
This thesis seeks to investigate the potential of the participatory appropriation of archival photography, through the participatory photo-elicitation methodology (Collier &Collier, 1986), for a deconstruction and, consequently, ethical (re)construction of the colonial narrative. Through the photographic image, the aim is to break with the single history legitimized by colonial ideologies, removing the domination of a discourse, seeking to find an expanded narrative, in the search for truth by listening to voices that lived it and still live its consequences. The participatory methodology implemented aims to create a dialogue on the colonial theme, involving people who inhabit the colonized country, who occupy the same space, in another time, where the Portuguese colonization was perpetrated. It intends to alleviate power relations by creating a bridge between the point of view of the former colonizer and the perception of the former colonized. Integrated into the Photo Impulse project (The Photographic Impulse: Measuring Colonies and Colonized Bodies. Photographic and Cinematographic Archive of the Portuguese Missions of Geography and Anthropology), the basis of the investigation is based on the photographic collection of the Anthropological and Ethnological Mission of Guinea (1946- 47), University of Lisbon/Museum of Natural History and Science, led by Amílcar Mateus and created by the Ministry of Colonies – Council of Geographical Missions and Colonial Investigations, with the aim of serving colonial research purposes. The fieldwork was carried out in December 2021. Of the various categories that make up this photographic collection, the selection of the categories Type, Life in the Mission and Miscellaneous are subject to photo-elicitation in Guinea-Bissau, together with fourteen male participants and female, aged between 21 and 60, inhabitants of the cities of Cacheu, Mansôa and Bissau. The photographs are removed from the Archive in Portugal, through digitalization, and taken to their place of origin, where they acquire the function of eliciting memories and narratives from a sample of the Guinean population, uniting the colonial photographic narrative with their colonized perception. Through photo-elicitation we create an opportunity for a participatory construction of knowledge and a possibility to decolonize the colonialist visual legacy.
This thesis seeks to investigate the potential of the participatory appropriation of archival photography, through the participatory photo-elicitation methodology (Collier &Collier, 1986), for a deconstruction and, consequently, ethical (re)construction of the colonial narrative. Through the photographic image, the aim is to break with the single history legitimized by colonial ideologies, removing the domination of a discourse, seeking to find an expanded narrative, in the search for truth by listening to voices that lived it and still live its consequences. The participatory methodology implemented aims to create a dialogue on the colonial theme, involving people who inhabit the colonized country, who occupy the same space, in another time, where the Portuguese colonization was perpetrated. It intends to alleviate power relations by creating a bridge between the point of view of the former colonizer and the perception of the former colonized. Integrated into the Photo Impulse project (The Photographic Impulse: Measuring Colonies and Colonized Bodies. Photographic and Cinematographic Archive of the Portuguese Missions of Geography and Anthropology), the basis of the investigation is based on the photographic collection of the Anthropological and Ethnological Mission of Guinea (1946- 47), University of Lisbon/Museum of Natural History and Science, led by Amílcar Mateus and created by the Ministry of Colonies – Council of Geographical Missions and Colonial Investigations, with the aim of serving colonial research purposes. The fieldwork was carried out in December 2021. Of the various categories that make up this photographic collection, the selection of the categories Type, Life in the Mission and Miscellaneous are subject to photo-elicitation in Guinea-Bissau, together with fourteen male participants and female, aged between 21 and 60, inhabitants of the cities of Cacheu, Mansôa and Bissau. The photographs are removed from the Archive in Portugal, through digitalization, and taken to their place of origin, where they acquire the function of eliciting memories and narratives from a sample of the Guinean population, uniting the colonial photographic narrative with their colonized perception. Through photo-elicitation we create an opportunity for a participatory construction of knowledge and a possibility to decolonize the colonialist visual legacy.
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Palavras-chave
Fotografia participativa Foto-elicitação Narrativa colonial Arquivo fotográfico Colonialismo Biografia da imagem Guiné-Bissau Missão antropológica e etnológica da Guiné