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Prevalência de obesidade em adolescentes do distrito de Viseu
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RESUMO - Introdução: A prevalência de obesidade apresenta valores
preocupantes em todas as idades e é reconhecida pela
Organização Mundial da Saúde como um importante problema
de saúde pública. Diversos estudos mostram que a
sua prevalência tem aumentado significativamente nas últimas
décadas, particularmente nos países industrializados.
O objectivo da presente investigação foi calcular a prevalência
de excesso de peso e de obesidade em adolescentes do
distrito de Viseu.
Métodos: Realizámos um estudo transversal onde avaliámos
os alunos de vinte e seis das quarenta e oito escolas
públicas do terceiro ciclo e secundário do distrito de Viseu,
frequentadas por um total de 23 895 alunos, do 7.o ao 12.o
ano. A recolha dos dados foi efectuada através de um
questionário auto-aplicado e respondido pelos alunos em
sala de aula. Dos 8768 questionários distribuídos recolhemos
7644 (87,2%). Foram excluídos da análise os questionários
sem informação para o sexo e para a idade. Ficámos
com uma amostra global de 7563 adolescentes, sendo 4117
(54,4%) do sexo feminino. O excesso de peso e a obesidade
foram avaliados utilizando o índice de massa corporal
(IMC) calculado pela razão entre o peso auto declarado em
quilogramas e o quadrado da altura, em metros, também
auto declarada (kg/m2). Definimos excesso de peso para
valores compreendidos entre o percentil 85 e 95, obesidade
para um percentil superior ou igual a 95, e excesso de peso
e obesidade para um percentil superior ou igual a 85.
Resultados: No total da amostra, a prevalência de excesso
de peso é de 13,7%, superior no sexo masculino (16,0% vs.
11,6%). A prevalência de obesidade é de 3,4%, superior no
sexo masculino (4,2% vs. 2,8%). A prevalência de excesso
de peso e obesidade é de 17,1%, superior no sexo masculino
(20,2% vs. 14,4%). Os concelhos situados a norte do distrito
de Viseu apresentam prevalências superiores, de
excesso de peso (15,9% vs. 13,0%, OR = 1,3; IC95%
1,1-1,5), de obesidade (4,5% vs. 3,6%, OR = 1,3; IC95%
1,0-1,7) e de excesso de peso e obesidade (19,1% vs. 15,7%,
OR = 1,3; IC95% 1,1-1,4). A prevalência de excesso de peso
e obesidade é superior entre os adolescentes com o índice de
aglomeração superior a um.
Conclusões: Regista-se uma elevada prevalência de excesso
de peso e de obesidade, superior no sexo masculino, com
diferenças geográficas significativas.
ABSTRACT - Introduction: The prevalence of obesity presents worrying scores among all ages and is recognized by the World Health Organization as an important public health problem. Several studies have shown that this prevalence has significantly increased in the last decades, particularly in industrialized countries. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity in adolescents of the district of Viseu. Methods: We designed a cross-sectional study to evaluate students from twenty-six of the forty-eight third cycle and secondary schools of the district of Viseu, attended by a total of 23,895 adolescents. Inclusion criteria were aged twelve to eighteen years old and attendance of the 7th to the 12th grades. The data collection was accomplished by a self-administrated questionnaire that was answered by the adolescents in the classroom. From the 8,768 questionnaires sent, 7,644 (87.2%) were returned. The questionnaires without information regarding sex and the age were excluded from the analysis. The final sample was composed of 7,563 adolescents, of which 4,117 (54.4%) were females. The overweight and obesity was evaluated by the body mass index (BMI) calculated by dividing the self reported weight in kilograms by the square of the height in meters, also self reported (Kg/m2). We defined overweight between the 85th to 95th percentiles, obesity equal or above the 95th percentile and overweight and obesity equal or above the 85th percentile. Results: In the total sample, the prevalence of overweight is 13.7%, higher in the male sex (16.0% vs. 11.6%). The prevalence of obesity is 3.4%, higher in the male sex (4.2% vs. 2.8%). The prevalence of overweight and obesity is 17.1%, higher in the male sex (20.2% vs. 14.4%). The councils located in the north of the district of Viseu have higher prevalence of overweight (15.9% vs. 13.0%, OR = 1.3; 95%IC 1.1-1.5), obesity (4.5% vs. 3.6%, OR = 1.3; 95%IC 1.0-1.7) and overweight and obesity (19.1% vs. 15.7%, OR = 1.3; 95%IC 1.1- 1.4). The prevalence of overweight and obesity is higher among adolescents with a crowding index over one. Conclusions: We registered a high prevalence of overweight and obesity among the adolescents, higher in the male sex with significant geographic variability.
ABSTRACT - Introduction: The prevalence of obesity presents worrying scores among all ages and is recognized by the World Health Organization as an important public health problem. Several studies have shown that this prevalence has significantly increased in the last decades, particularly in industrialized countries. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity in adolescents of the district of Viseu. Methods: We designed a cross-sectional study to evaluate students from twenty-six of the forty-eight third cycle and secondary schools of the district of Viseu, attended by a total of 23,895 adolescents. Inclusion criteria were aged twelve to eighteen years old and attendance of the 7th to the 12th grades. The data collection was accomplished by a self-administrated questionnaire that was answered by the adolescents in the classroom. From the 8,768 questionnaires sent, 7,644 (87.2%) were returned. The questionnaires without information regarding sex and the age were excluded from the analysis. The final sample was composed of 7,563 adolescents, of which 4,117 (54.4%) were females. The overweight and obesity was evaluated by the body mass index (BMI) calculated by dividing the self reported weight in kilograms by the square of the height in meters, also self reported (Kg/m2). We defined overweight between the 85th to 95th percentiles, obesity equal or above the 95th percentile and overweight and obesity equal or above the 85th percentile. Results: In the total sample, the prevalence of overweight is 13.7%, higher in the male sex (16.0% vs. 11.6%). The prevalence of obesity is 3.4%, higher in the male sex (4.2% vs. 2.8%). The prevalence of overweight and obesity is 17.1%, higher in the male sex (20.2% vs. 14.4%). The councils located in the north of the district of Viseu have higher prevalence of overweight (15.9% vs. 13.0%, OR = 1.3; 95%IC 1.1-1.5), obesity (4.5% vs. 3.6%, OR = 1.3; 95%IC 1.0-1.7) and overweight and obesity (19.1% vs. 15.7%, OR = 1.3; 95%IC 1.1- 1.4). The prevalence of overweight and obesity is higher among adolescents with a crowding index over one. Conclusions: We registered a high prevalence of overweight and obesity among the adolescents, higher in the male sex with significant geographic variability.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Prevalência Obesidade Adolescentes Saúde dos adolescentes Prevalence Obesity Adolescents Adolescent health
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Editora
Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública. Universidade NOVA de Lisboa