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Políticas integradas de protecção e promoção da saúde e segurança do trabalho nas empresas portuguesas
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Resumo(s)
RESUMO - Foi construída uma tipologia com cinco grupos principais de
políticas, programas e actividades: A (Higiene & Segurança
no Trabalho/Melhoria do ambiente físico de trabalho);
B (Avaliação de saúde/Vigilância médica/Prestação de cuidados
de saúde); C (Prevenção de comportamentos de risco/
Promoção de estilos de vida saudáveis); D (Intervenções a
nível organizacional/Melhoria do ambiente psicossocial de trabalho);
E (Actividades e programas sociais e de bem-estar).
Foi concebido e desenhado, para ser autoadministrado, um
questionário sobre Política de Saúde no Local de Trabalho.
Foram efectuados dois mailings, e um follow-up telefónico.
O trabalho de campo decorreu entre a Primavera de 1997
e o Verão de 1998. A amostra (n = 259) é considerada
representativa das duas mil maiores empresas do país.
Uma em cada quatro era uma multinacional. A taxa de
sindicalização rondava os 30% da população trabalhadora,
mas apenas 16% dos respondentes assinalou a existência de
representantes dos trabalhadores eleitos para a S&ST
(abreviadamente, Saúde & Segurança do Trabalho).
É o sistema de gestão integrado de S&ST, e não o tamanho da
empresa ou outra característica sociodemográfica ou técnicoorganizacional,
que permite predizer a existência de empresas,
mais activas e inovadoras no domínio da protecção e
promoção da saúde no trabalho.
ABSTRACT - Five categories of workplace health initiatives have been identified : (i) Occupational Hygiene and Safety/ Improvement of Physical Working Environment (type A programs); (ii) Health Screening, Medical Surveillance and Other Occupational Health Care Provision (type B programs); (iii) Preventing Risk Behaviours/Promoting Healthy Life Styles (type C programs); (iv) Organisational Change/Improvement of Psycho- Social Working Environment (type D programs); and (v) Industrial and Social Welfare (type E programs). A mail questionnaire was sent to the Chief Executive Officer of the 1500 largest Portuguese companies, operating in the primary and secondary sectors (≥ 100 employees) or tertiary sector (≥ 75 employees). Response rate has reached about 20% (259 respondents, representing about 300 companies). Carried out between Spring 1997 and Summer 1998, the fieldwork has encompassed two direct mailings and one phone follow-up. Sample is considered to be representative of the two thousand largest companies. One in four is a multinational. Union membership rate is about 30%, but only 16% has reported the existence of a workers’ health and safety representative. The existence of integrated OSH management systems, not the company size, is the main variable explaining the implementation of more active and innovative workplace health policies in Portugal.
ABSTRACT - Five categories of workplace health initiatives have been identified : (i) Occupational Hygiene and Safety/ Improvement of Physical Working Environment (type A programs); (ii) Health Screening, Medical Surveillance and Other Occupational Health Care Provision (type B programs); (iii) Preventing Risk Behaviours/Promoting Healthy Life Styles (type C programs); (iv) Organisational Change/Improvement of Psycho- Social Working Environment (type D programs); and (v) Industrial and Social Welfare (type E programs). A mail questionnaire was sent to the Chief Executive Officer of the 1500 largest Portuguese companies, operating in the primary and secondary sectors (≥ 100 employees) or tertiary sector (≥ 75 employees). Response rate has reached about 20% (259 respondents, representing about 300 companies). Carried out between Spring 1997 and Summer 1998, the fieldwork has encompassed two direct mailings and one phone follow-up. Sample is considered to be representative of the two thousand largest companies. One in four is a multinational. Union membership rate is about 30%, but only 16% has reported the existence of a workers’ health and safety representative. The existence of integrated OSH management systems, not the company size, is the main variable explaining the implementation of more active and innovative workplace health policies in Portugal.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Promoção da saúde no local de trabalho Saúde ocupacional Saúde e segurança do trabalho Política de saúde Portugal Workplace health promotion Occupational health Occupational safety and health Health policy Portugal
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Editora
Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública. Universidade NOVA de Lisboa