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Comportamentos das famílias portuguesas em épocas de calor e durante a onda de calor de Agosto de 2003
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Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
RESUMO - Este estudo teve como principal objectivo a caracterização
das atitudes e da adopção de medidas de protecção em
períodos de calor e em particular conhecer aquelas que
efectivamente foram adoptadas durante a onda de calor de
Agosto de 2003 (29 de Julho a 15 de Agosto).
Foi realizado um inquérito por via postal, aplicando um
questionário aos indivíduos de 18 e mais anos das unidades
de alojamento (UA), que constituem a amostra ECOS (Em
Casa Observamos Saúde) do Observatório Nacional de
Saúde.
Estudaram-se 769 indivíduos, o que correspondeu a 25,6%
da totalidade dos indivíduos elegíveis nas UA. Uma vez que
a amostra ECOS não é autoponderada, foram ponderados
os resultados das unidades de alojamento pela variável do
Instituto Nacional de Estatística (INE) «número de famílias
clássicas» por região e pela «população residente segundo o
nível de instrução» obtidas pelos censos de 2001.
Os comportamentos referidos como adoptados em épocas
de calor que apresentaram maiores percentagens foram
«tomar duches ou banhos» (84,6%), «ingestão de líquidos»
(79,6%), «uso de roupa leve, larga e clara» (73,2%) e
«tomar refeições leves» (53,7%).
Durante a onda de calor de 2003, a maior parte da população
(92,5%) leu, ouviu ou viu informação sobre os cuidados
a ter durante a onda de calor, tendo sido a televisão
(95,2%), a rádio (56,3%) e os jornais (49,3%) os meios de
comunicação social mais referidos. Cerca de metade da
população (51,4%) informou alguém, fundamentalmente a
família, sobre os cuidados a ter.
Com efeito, durante esta onda de calor verificou-se um
maior cuidado em relação a comportamentos mais prejudiciais
em épocas de maior calor. Por um lado, a população
portuguesa andou menos ao sol (49,4%), fez menos viagens
de carro/transportes à hora do calor (39,8%), realizou
menos actividades que exigiriam esforço físico (32,5%) e
também houve alguma preocupação em beber menos bebidas
alcoólicas (26,5%). Por outro lado, aumentaram os
comportamentos que já são mais habituais durante o
período de Verão, tais como abrir as janelas durante a
noite (40,8%), tomar refeições leves (46,7%), tomar mais
duches ou banhos (58,5%), o uso de roupas leves largas e
claras (42,5%) e o uso de ventoinhas (37,8%). A alteração do comportamento andar ou estar ao sol sem
restrições aumenta com o número de meios de comunicação
onde se obteve informação. Abrir as janelas de casa
durante a noite e tomar duches ou banhos apresentou uma
associação com o número de meios de comunicação onde se
obteve informação e com o número de pessoas que prestaram
informação. Ingerir líquidos e usar roupa leve, larga e
clara mostrou também uma dependência do número de
meios de comunicação onde se obteve informação.
ABSTRACT - This study was meant as a complement for the research on the heat wave of the summer of 2003. The main objective was to evaluate the population’s level of acknowledgement on the heat wave of August 2003 and the overall preventive measures issued through some media. Another objective was the characterization of the measures that families and individuals take to face excessive heat conditions during summer periods and in particular in the heat wave of August 2003. The National Health Observatory made a postal survey in its health family panel ECOS (Em Casa Observamos Saúde). The questionnaire was sent to the 1217 households that form the ECOS panel, with a questionnaire copy for each member of the family (3006 individuals). Overall response rate was 28.9% (352 households) which corresponded to 25.6% of individuals (769 individual’s responses). Weighted data analysis was performed using national official data on classical family households and by school level. During summer periods the behaviour adopted more often were liquids ingestion and baths taking (79.6% and 84.6%), light, large and bright coloured clothing (73.2%) and light meals (53.7%). The population’s majority (92.5%) read, heard or saw information of the precaution measures that should be taken during a heat wave. The main means of dissemination of information were TV (95.2%), radio (56.3%) and newspapers (49.3%). 51.4% of the individuals informed someone else about precaution measures, mainly family members. During the 2003’s heat wave, population was less exposed to the heat (49.4%), made less travels by car at the hours of highest heat (39.8%), individuals made less physical demanding activities (32.5%) and alcohol drinks were taken less often (26.5%). However, the usual behaviour during summers increased: the windows during the night were opened more often (40.8%), liquids and baths were taken more often (69% and 58.5%), light meals were taken more often (46.7%), light, large and bright coloured clothes were used more often (42.5%) and fans were often used also more (37.8%) than in other summers. The alteration of the behaviour of liquids ingestion, use of light, large and bright coloured clothing and exposition to heat increased with the number of media means from which individual’s received information. Opening the windows during the night and taking more baths also presented an association with the number of media means from which information was received and with the numbers of individuals that informed someone else about precautionary measures.
ABSTRACT - This study was meant as a complement for the research on the heat wave of the summer of 2003. The main objective was to evaluate the population’s level of acknowledgement on the heat wave of August 2003 and the overall preventive measures issued through some media. Another objective was the characterization of the measures that families and individuals take to face excessive heat conditions during summer periods and in particular in the heat wave of August 2003. The National Health Observatory made a postal survey in its health family panel ECOS (Em Casa Observamos Saúde). The questionnaire was sent to the 1217 households that form the ECOS panel, with a questionnaire copy for each member of the family (3006 individuals). Overall response rate was 28.9% (352 households) which corresponded to 25.6% of individuals (769 individual’s responses). Weighted data analysis was performed using national official data on classical family households and by school level. During summer periods the behaviour adopted more often were liquids ingestion and baths taking (79.6% and 84.6%), light, large and bright coloured clothing (73.2%) and light meals (53.7%). The population’s majority (92.5%) read, heard or saw information of the precaution measures that should be taken during a heat wave. The main means of dissemination of information were TV (95.2%), radio (56.3%) and newspapers (49.3%). 51.4% of the individuals informed someone else about precaution measures, mainly family members. During the 2003’s heat wave, population was less exposed to the heat (49.4%), made less travels by car at the hours of highest heat (39.8%), individuals made less physical demanding activities (32.5%) and alcohol drinks were taken less often (26.5%). However, the usual behaviour during summers increased: the windows during the night were opened more often (40.8%), liquids and baths were taken more often (69% and 58.5%), light meals were taken more often (46.7%), light, large and bright coloured clothes were used more often (42.5%) and fans were often used also more (37.8%) than in other summers. The alteration of the behaviour of liquids ingestion, use of light, large and bright coloured clothing and exposition to heat increased with the number of media means from which individual’s received information. Opening the windows during the night and taking more baths also presented an association with the number of media means from which information was received and with the numbers of individuals that informed someone else about precautionary measures.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Calor Clima Meteorologia Mortalidade Vigilância epidemiológica Comportamentos de risco Heat Meteorology Mortality Epidemiological surveillance Risk behaviour
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Editora
Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública. Universidade NOVA de Lisboa