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MODELO INTEGRADO PARA A MELHORIA DA RESILIÊNCIA NO CUMPRIMENTO DE PRAZOS DE ENTREGA EM SISTEMAS PRODUTIVOS DE ENGENHARIA-POR-ENCOMENDA
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Resumo(s)
No ambiente competitivo em que as empresas atuam, os clientes procuram, cada vez mais, a personalização dos seus produtos, existindo a necessidade de responder de forma eficaz aos requisitos que são estabelecidos por estes, em termos de funcionalidades, prazos e custos. Atualmente, identifica-se uma pressão competitiva significativa para alcançar melhorias na eficiência e eficácia nas empresas industriais, particularmente naquelas que operam com sistemas produtivos de ETO - Engineer-To-Order. Esta pressão origina-se, em grande parte, da necessidade de responder de forma célere e inovadora às solicitações de um mercado cada vez mais dinâmico e exigente. Tendo por base esta realidade, o trabalho de investigação realizado teve como objetivo melhorar o desempenho das empresas de ETO e aumentar a resiliência dos fluxos de trabalho, caracterizados por uma grande complexidade e variabilidade processual. Como abordagem inicial a este trabalho de investigação, procurou-se identificar as atuais áreas de preocupação e desafios operacionais das empresas de ETO. Para isso, foi realizada uma Revisão Sistemática da Literatura (SLR – Systematic Literature Review) identificando-se os desafios que, em geral, as empresas de ETO enfrentam e a forma como estas estão a melhorar a sua capacidade de cumprir os requisitos dos clientes e os respetivos prazos de entrega. Neste contexto é crucial usar os recursos da melhor forma e criar sistemas eficazes para gerir a complexidade e variabilidade em empresas de ETO, para suporte à tomada de melhores decisões em todas as fases do desenvolvimento ETO. Realizada a análise de criticidade dos principais problemas detetados e caracterizadas as suas atuais soluções e fragilidades, procedeu-se então à conceção e desenvolvimento de uma proposta de solução tendo para isso sido usada a Teoria Axiomática de Projeto. A escolha deste método deve-se à sua capacidade de fornecer um quadro estruturado que facilita a abordagem de questões complexas e variáveis. Este quadro estruturado torna a tomada de decisões mais eficaz, especialmente em ambientes caracterizados por incertezas e requisitos múltiplos. Tendo como objetivo fortalecer a capacidade das empresas de ETO para lidar com incertezas, enquanto se promove um maior nível de desempenho. A solução proposta é neste estudo apresentada como um modelo que contribui para a melhoria da excelência operacional para empresas ETO com vista ao aumento da resiliência no cumprimento de prazos de entrega, e por essa razão foi denominado de Modelo E.OpEx. O Modelo E.OpEx constituiu assim um roadmap para os responsáveis das empresas de ETO tomarem decisões
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que visam melhorar a excelência das suas operações. O Modelo E.OpEx emerge como proposta original a integração da metodologia CCPM - Critical Chain Project Management com a técnica POLCA - Paired-cell Overlapping Loops of Cards with Authorization, conjugada com tecnologias de IoT - Internet of Things. Tendo sido eficaz na resolução de um conjunto de cenários que descrevem problemas típicos das empresas de ETO cuja validação da relevância da proposta, foi realizada por Focus Group (FG) confirmando que a implementação do Modelo E.OpEx poderá contribuir efetivamente para a eficiência operacional das empresas de ETO e o incremento da resiliência destas na adaptação em resposta às necessidades do mercado atual e competitivo em que estas atuam.
In the competitive environment where companies operate, customers increasingly seek personalised products. Companies need to effectively meet these customer requirements in terms of functionality, timelines, and costs. There is significant competitive pressure to improve efficiency and effectiveness in industrial companies, particularly those operating with Engineer-To-Order (ETO) production systems. This pressure largely stems from the need to respond quickly and innovatively to the demands of an increasingly dynamic and demanding market. Based on this reality, the research aimed to improve ETO companies' performance and increase the resilience of workflows, characterised by high complexity and process variability. As an initial approach to this research, current areas of concern and operational challenges of ETO companies were identified. For this, a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) was conducted to identify ETO companies' general challenges and how they improve their ability to meet customer requirements and delivery deadlines. In the context of this work, it is crucial to use resources effectively and create efficient systems to manage complexity and variability in ETO companies. This aids managers in making better decisions at all stages of work. After analysing the criticality of the main problems detected and characterising their current solutions and weaknesses, a solution proposal was developed using Axiomatic Design Theory. This method was chosen for its ability to provide a structured framework that facilitates the approach to complex and variable issues. This structured framework makes decision-making more effective, especially in uncertain environments and multiple requirements. The aim is to strengthen the ability of ETO companies to handle uncertainties while promoting a higher level of performance. The developed solution is a model that improves operational excellence in ETO companies, aiming to increase resilience in meeting delivery deadlines. For this reason, it was named the E.OpEx Model. The E.OpEx Model is thus referred to as a roadmap for ETO company managers to make decisions to improve their operations excellence. This is because the E.OpEx Model proposes an innovative contribution: the integrated use of the CCPM - Critical Chain Project Management methodology with the POLCA - Paired-cell Overlapping Loops of Cards with Authorization technique, combined with IoT - Internet of Things technologies. The E.OpEx Model, with its integrated approach of using the CCPM methodology, the POLCA technique, and emerging technologies, proved effective in addressing typical problems ETO companies face. Its relevance was validated in a Focus Group session. During this session, it was also confirmed that implementing the E.OpEx Model will enhance the operational efficiency and resilience of ETO companies in the current competitive market.
In the competitive environment where companies operate, customers increasingly seek personalised products. Companies need to effectively meet these customer requirements in terms of functionality, timelines, and costs. There is significant competitive pressure to improve efficiency and effectiveness in industrial companies, particularly those operating with Engineer-To-Order (ETO) production systems. This pressure largely stems from the need to respond quickly and innovatively to the demands of an increasingly dynamic and demanding market. Based on this reality, the research aimed to improve ETO companies' performance and increase the resilience of workflows, characterised by high complexity and process variability. As an initial approach to this research, current areas of concern and operational challenges of ETO companies were identified. For this, a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) was conducted to identify ETO companies' general challenges and how they improve their ability to meet customer requirements and delivery deadlines. In the context of this work, it is crucial to use resources effectively and create efficient systems to manage complexity and variability in ETO companies. This aids managers in making better decisions at all stages of work. After analysing the criticality of the main problems detected and characterising their current solutions and weaknesses, a solution proposal was developed using Axiomatic Design Theory. This method was chosen for its ability to provide a structured framework that facilitates the approach to complex and variable issues. This structured framework makes decision-making more effective, especially in uncertain environments and multiple requirements. The aim is to strengthen the ability of ETO companies to handle uncertainties while promoting a higher level of performance. The developed solution is a model that improves operational excellence in ETO companies, aiming to increase resilience in meeting delivery deadlines. For this reason, it was named the E.OpEx Model. The E.OpEx Model is thus referred to as a roadmap for ETO company managers to make decisions to improve their operations excellence. This is because the E.OpEx Model proposes an innovative contribution: the integrated use of the CCPM - Critical Chain Project Management methodology with the POLCA - Paired-cell Overlapping Loops of Cards with Authorization technique, combined with IoT - Internet of Things technologies. The E.OpEx Model, with its integrated approach of using the CCPM methodology, the POLCA technique, and emerging technologies, proved effective in addressing typical problems ETO companies face. Its relevance was validated in a Focus Group session. During this session, it was also confirmed that implementing the E.OpEx Model will enhance the operational efficiency and resilience of ETO companies in the current competitive market.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Fluxo de Trabalho Engineer-to-Order Teoria Axiomática de Projeto CCPM POLCA Indústria 4.0