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Coisas dos quotidianos transnacionais - Circulação de objectos entre entre Portugal e o Brasil e Patrimonialização de Cultura em Contextos de Mobilidade
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Assumindo a relevância científica de abordagens antropológicas a acções triviais do dia-a-dia e ao papel que os objectos desempenham nestas práticas, esta dissertação aborda a cultura material de pessoas migrantes recorrendo ao campo teórico dos estudos críticos sobre património, com o intuito de analisar processos patrimoniais em quotidianos transnacionais. A pesquisa teve como objecto de estudo coisas que circularam nas malas de viagem de portugueses que emigraram para o Brasil depois de 2008 e que os acompanharam, ou não, ao longo dos seus trajectos habitacionais. Foi orientada pelas questões: perante uma profusão de coisas, que objectos circularam com os portugueses em estudo, entre Portugal e o Brasil? Essa selecção foi efectuada perante que condicionamentos e com base em que critérios? Que novos objectos entraram em cena no seu dia-a-dia, quais foram mantidos e quais foram abandonados? Que futuros se desenharam nestes quotidianos migratórios? Nesse sentido, foi realizada uma pesquisa etnográfica no Rio de Janeiro, entre 2015 e 2017, com enfoque nas vivências domésticas e quotidianas destes portugueses e em momentos de mudança de casa, de preparação de viagens, de reemigração e de regressos. Para a apreensão de objectos invisibilizados pela sua ubiquidade quotidiana foi testado o recurso ao desenho de observação, à concepção de um catálogo ilustrado de coisas e à realização de uma exposição de objectos em trânsito. Entendemos que, através do contacto com narrativas dissonantes sobre a historiografia colonial portuguesa, do contacto com relacionamentos de classe particulares, da participação em rituais mágico-religiosos, do consumo de substâncias psicotrópicas e da adopção de novas relações com os corpos, a experiência migratória no Rio de Janeiro teve impactos nos mundos materiais destes portugueses: estimulou uma contestação e redefinição de passados (e consequente abandono de alguns elementos de cultura material portuguesa); exigiu o recurso a estratégias de diluição e de pertença (também através do uso ou descarte de determinadas coisas); e suscitou a adopção de uma nova disposição para relações com objectos e com os seus patrimónios individuais, baseada na polissémica noção carioca de desapego. Esta disposição parece permitir uma constituição de si a partir da ausência de coisas e/ou do seu descarte, ao longo do atravessamento de trajectos e não (apenas) através de um enraizamento nos lugares. Entendemos ainda que com movimentos permanentes entre Portugal e o Brasil, algumas coisas foram usadas, outras descartadas e outras colectadas, arquivadas, e cuidadas — gestos de preservação de futuros análogos a práticas patrimoniais. Realça-se o facto de que, apesar de casas e coisas nem sempre se situarem no mesmo lugar, também à distância alguns objectos continuam a ser protagonistas de memórias do passado ou a ser recursos para a projecção de futuros imaginados. Abordando relações entre pessoas e coisas, ao longo do tempo e acompanhando as suas deslocações, este trabalho procura apontar alternativas a concepções do património essencializadas, fixas, assentes em lugares, territórios ou estados, salientando as suas dimensões processuais e, eventualmente, estimulando a expansão de outros modelos de repertórios patrimoniais.
By assuming the scientific relevance of anthropological approaches to trivial everyday actions and the role that objects play in these practices, this dissertation addresses the material culture of migrant people, resorting to the field of critical heritage studies, in order to analyse heritage processes in transnational everyday lives. This research’s object of study focused on stuf circulating inside the suitcases of Portuguese people emigrating to Brazil after 2008 and that accompanied them, or not, along their habitational trajectories. Its guiding questions were: in the face of a profusion of stuff, which objects circulated between Portugal and Brazil with the Portuguese under study? This selection was made in the light of which constraints and on the basis of which criteria? Which new objects came into play in their daily lives, which ones were kept and which ones were abandoned? What futures were shaped in these migratory daily lives? For that matter, an ethnographic research was carried out between 2015 and 2017 in Rio de Janeiro, focusing on these Portuguese’s domestic and daily experiences and in moments of moving house, travel preparation, reemigration and returns. For the apprehension of objects made invisible by their daily ubiquity, we tested the use of observational drawing, the design of an illustrated catalogue of things and the realization of an exhibition with objects in transit. We believe that through contact with dissonant narratives about Portuguese colonial historiography, contact with particular class relationships, participation in magical-religious rituals, use of psychotropic substances and the adoption of new body relationships, the migratory experience in Rio de Janeiro had impacts on these Portuguese’s material worlds: It stimulated a refutation and redefinition of pasts (and consequent abandonment of some Portuguese material culture elements); it required resorting to dilution and allegiance strategies (also through the use or disposal of certain objects); and it prompted a new disposition for relations with objects and with their individual heritages, based on the polysemic Carioca notion of desapego (unattachment). This disposition allows a constitution of the self based on the absence and/or disposal of things, through the intercrossing of paths and not (only) through grounding in places. We also believe that given the permanent movements between Portugal and Brazil, some stuff was used, others discarded and other still collected, archived and cared for - gestures for the preservation of futures that are analogous to heritage practices. We emphasize the fact that, although houses and stuff are not always located in the same place, even at a distance some objects remain as protagonists of memories of the past or as resources for the projection of imagined futures. By addressing relationships between people and objects, over time and by following their displacements, this work seeks to point out alternatives to essentialized, fixed conceptions of heritage, based on places, territories or states, thus highlighting its procedural dimensions and, eventually, stimulating the expansion of other models of heritage repertoires.
By assuming the scientific relevance of anthropological approaches to trivial everyday actions and the role that objects play in these practices, this dissertation addresses the material culture of migrant people, resorting to the field of critical heritage studies, in order to analyse heritage processes in transnational everyday lives. This research’s object of study focused on stuf circulating inside the suitcases of Portuguese people emigrating to Brazil after 2008 and that accompanied them, or not, along their habitational trajectories. Its guiding questions were: in the face of a profusion of stuff, which objects circulated between Portugal and Brazil with the Portuguese under study? This selection was made in the light of which constraints and on the basis of which criteria? Which new objects came into play in their daily lives, which ones were kept and which ones were abandoned? What futures were shaped in these migratory daily lives? For that matter, an ethnographic research was carried out between 2015 and 2017 in Rio de Janeiro, focusing on these Portuguese’s domestic and daily experiences and in moments of moving house, travel preparation, reemigration and returns. For the apprehension of objects made invisible by their daily ubiquity, we tested the use of observational drawing, the design of an illustrated catalogue of things and the realization of an exhibition with objects in transit. We believe that through contact with dissonant narratives about Portuguese colonial historiography, contact with particular class relationships, participation in magical-religious rituals, use of psychotropic substances and the adoption of new body relationships, the migratory experience in Rio de Janeiro had impacts on these Portuguese’s material worlds: It stimulated a refutation and redefinition of pasts (and consequent abandonment of some Portuguese material culture elements); it required resorting to dilution and allegiance strategies (also through the use or disposal of certain objects); and it prompted a new disposition for relations with objects and with their individual heritages, based on the polysemic Carioca notion of desapego (unattachment). This disposition allows a constitution of the self based on the absence and/or disposal of things, through the intercrossing of paths and not (only) through grounding in places. We also believe that given the permanent movements between Portugal and Brazil, some stuff was used, others discarded and other still collected, archived and cared for - gestures for the preservation of futures that are analogous to heritage practices. We emphasize the fact that, although houses and stuff are not always located in the same place, even at a distance some objects remain as protagonists of memories of the past or as resources for the projection of imagined futures. By addressing relationships between people and objects, over time and by following their displacements, this work seeks to point out alternatives to essentialized, fixed conceptions of heritage, based on places, territories or states, thus highlighting its procedural dimensions and, eventually, stimulating the expansion of other models of heritage repertoires.
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Palavras-chave
Cultura Material Património Migrações Portugal-Brasil Desenho Etnográfico Processos Patrimoniais Objectos Quotidianos Portugal-Brazil Migrations Heritage Processes Material Culture Everyday Life Objects Ethnographic Drawing