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Identificação e caracterização imunoquímica de antigénios de tripanosomatídeos envolvidos na reatividade serológica entre Trypanosoma cruzi e Leishmania spp.
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As doenças tropicais negligenciadas, doença de Chagas e Leishmaniose Visceral, cujos
agentes etiológicos são os protozoários Trypanosoma cruzi e Leishmania infantum,
respectivamente, exibem distribuição geográfica sobreponível e endemicidades
semelhantes em diversas áreas. Trypanosoma cruzi e Leishmania infantum pertencem à
mesma família e compartilham repertórios de epítopos antigênicos com proteínas
conservadas que podem ser responsáveis pela reatividade serológica cruzada no
imunodiagnóstico da doença de Chagas e Leishmaniose Visceral. Reações serológicas
cruzadas provocam alterações na precisão do imunodiagnóstico laboratorial destas
doenças, podendo gerar distorções em inquéritos serológicos e estudos epidemiológicos.
Este estudo realizou a caracterização antigénica e serológica cruzada em soros de
indivíduos diagnosticados com a doença de Chagas e Leishmaniose Visceral. Por
ELISA foi avaliada a seroreatividade antigénica de Trypanosoma cruzi e Leishmania
infantum com a determinação do perfil serológico de anticorpos IgG totais anti Trypanosoma cruzi e anti-Leishmania infantum em amostras de soros de indivíduos
com a doença de Chagas (n=240) ou Leishmaniose Visceral (n=240), respectivamente.
A pesquisa da reatividade serológica cruzada foi feita por ELISA, quantificando
anticorpos IgG totais anti-Trypanosoma cruzi em soros de Leishmaniose Visceral
(n=240) e anticorpos IgG totais anti-Leishmania infantum em soros de doença de
Chagas (n=240). Utilizou-se a técnica de immunoblotting para detetar frações proteicas
de Trypanosoma cruzi e Leishmania infantum em soros de Leishmaniose Visceral e
doença de Chagas, respectivamente. Anticorpos IgG totais anti-Trypanosoma cruzi
foram detetados em 95,8% (230/240) de soros com doença de Chagas e anticorpos
totais anti-Leishmania infantum foram detetados em 94,6% (227/240) de soros com
Leishmaniose Visceral. Anticorpos IgG totais anti-Leishmania infantum foram
detetados em 91,2% (219/240) de soros com doença de Chagas e anticorpos IgG totais
anti-Trypanosoma cruzi foram detetados em 91,2% (219/240) de soros com
Leishmaniose Visceral. Conclui-se que anticorpos anti-Trypanosoma cruzi reconhecem
o antigénio Leishmania infantum tanto quanto anticorpos anti-Leishmania infantum
reconhecem o antigénio Trypanosoma cruzi, em soros de indivíduos infetados com
doença de Chagas e Leishmaniose Visceral. A pesquisa pela deteção de proteínas
comuns aos parasitas analisados pode ser a diretriz para se chegar a um teste diagnóstico
com a sensibilidade e especificidade desejadas e que não provoque seroreatividade
cruzada entre o diagnóstico de doença de Chagas e Leishmaniose Visceral
Neglected tropical diseases, Chagas disease and Visceral Leishmaniasis, caused by protozoa Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania infantum parasites respectively, exhibit geographic distribution overlapping and endemicity. Besides, both protozoans belong to the trypanosomatidae family. Consequently, antigenic epitopes repertoire, manly common conserved proteins, is believed to be responsible for the serological cross reactivity between Chagas disease and Visceral Leishmaniasis. The immunodiagnostics’ precision tests are changed by cross serological reactions. Thus, lead to distortions in serological surveys and epidemiological data analysis. This study carried out the antigenic and serological cross characterization in individuals’ sera diagnosed with Chagas disease and Visceral Leishmaniasis. ELISA assay, the antigenic seroreactivity was used to determine the serological profile of total IgG antibodies anti-Trypanosoma cruzi and anti-Leishmania infantum in serum samples from individuals with Chagas disease (n = 240) or Visceral Leishmaniasis (n = 240). The investigation of serological cross-reactivity was performed also by ELISA, quantifying total IgG antibodies anti Trypanosoma cruzi in individuals’ serums of Visceral Leishmaniasis (n = 240) and total IgG antibodies anti-Leishmania infantum in sera form Chagas disease individuals (n = 240). The immunoblotting technique was used to detect protein fractions of Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania infantum in sera of Visceral Leishmaniasis and Chagas disease, respectively. As result, total anti-Trypanosoma cruzi IgG antibodies were detected in 95.8% (230/240) of sera with Chagas disease and total anti-Leishmania infantum antibodies were detected in 94.6% (227/240) of sera with Visceral Leishmaniasis. The cross serological showed that anti-Leishmania infantum IgG antibodies were detected in 91.2% (219/240) of sera with Chagas disease and total anti Trypanosoma cruzi IgG antibodies were detected in 91.2% (219/240) of sera with visceral leishmaniasis. This study concluded that anti-Trypanosoma cruzi antibodies recognize the Leishmania infantum antigen, as well as anti-Leishmania infantum antibodies, recognize the Trypanosoma cruzi antigen, in sera from individuals infected with Chagas disease and Visceral Leishmaniasis. The identification of conserved proteins parasites implicated in cross-reactivity may be the guideline for the improvement of diagnostic tests. Therefore, desirable sensitivity and specificity and that do not cause cross-reactivity between the diagnosis of Chagas disease and Visceral Leishmaniasis.
Neglected tropical diseases, Chagas disease and Visceral Leishmaniasis, caused by protozoa Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania infantum parasites respectively, exhibit geographic distribution overlapping and endemicity. Besides, both protozoans belong to the trypanosomatidae family. Consequently, antigenic epitopes repertoire, manly common conserved proteins, is believed to be responsible for the serological cross reactivity between Chagas disease and Visceral Leishmaniasis. The immunodiagnostics’ precision tests are changed by cross serological reactions. Thus, lead to distortions in serological surveys and epidemiological data analysis. This study carried out the antigenic and serological cross characterization in individuals’ sera diagnosed with Chagas disease and Visceral Leishmaniasis. ELISA assay, the antigenic seroreactivity was used to determine the serological profile of total IgG antibodies anti-Trypanosoma cruzi and anti-Leishmania infantum in serum samples from individuals with Chagas disease (n = 240) or Visceral Leishmaniasis (n = 240). The investigation of serological cross-reactivity was performed also by ELISA, quantifying total IgG antibodies anti Trypanosoma cruzi in individuals’ serums of Visceral Leishmaniasis (n = 240) and total IgG antibodies anti-Leishmania infantum in sera form Chagas disease individuals (n = 240). The immunoblotting technique was used to detect protein fractions of Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania infantum in sera of Visceral Leishmaniasis and Chagas disease, respectively. As result, total anti-Trypanosoma cruzi IgG antibodies were detected in 95.8% (230/240) of sera with Chagas disease and total anti-Leishmania infantum antibodies were detected in 94.6% (227/240) of sera with Visceral Leishmaniasis. The cross serological showed that anti-Leishmania infantum IgG antibodies were detected in 91.2% (219/240) of sera with Chagas disease and total anti Trypanosoma cruzi IgG antibodies were detected in 91.2% (219/240) of sera with visceral leishmaniasis. This study concluded that anti-Trypanosoma cruzi antibodies recognize the Leishmania infantum antigen, as well as anti-Leishmania infantum antibodies, recognize the Trypanosoma cruzi antigen, in sera from individuals infected with Chagas disease and Visceral Leishmaniasis. The identification of conserved proteins parasites implicated in cross-reactivity may be the guideline for the improvement of diagnostic tests. Therefore, desirable sensitivity and specificity and that do not cause cross-reactivity between the diagnosis of Chagas disease and Visceral Leishmaniasis.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Parasitologia Doença de Chagas Trypanosoma cruzi Leishmania infantum ELISA Reatividade serológica cruzada