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The striatum encodes action-specific forces of the forelimb.
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In order to survive, animals must execute appropriate actions from their diverse repertoire to achieve specific goals. While past work has identified that the basal ganglia, and specifically the striatum, are critical for learning which action is appropriate based on reinforcement, the role that striatum plays in actually generating the appropriate action has been less studied. Our lab and others have shown that the concomitant activation of two subpopulations in the striatum (D1 receptor-expressing (D1R) striatonigral neurons and D2 receptor-expressing (D2R) striatopallidal neurons) encodes full-body movements, such as rearing, turning, and lever pressing. One possibility is that the striatum encodes full body movements as a consequence of its somatotopy, as recent work has elucidated a detailed mapping of the body in striatum, with different subregions of the striatum encoding the hind limb, forelimb, mouth, and others. Another possibility is that the relationship between striatum and action has finer granularity, and the striatum actually encodes specific actions and specific forces of the same body part. We asked whether ensembles of D1R and D2R SPNS within a single somatotopic region of
striatum encode and actually modulate specific actions executed with a single effector – the forelimb. In addition, we asked how reinforcement and plasticity at glutamatergic synapses to SPNs modifies striatum’s
encoding of fine action.
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Striatum forelimb