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Dissimilatory sulfate reduction is considered one of the most ancient microbial metabolic pathways on Earth. Anaerobic bacteria and archaea derive energy through this metabolic pathway, and they are widespread in anoxic habitats, such as marine sediments, freshwater sediments, soils, and the human gut. Sulfate-reducing
microorganisms play a major role in the global cycling of carbon and sulfur, and they use sulfate as a terminal electron acceptor in the degradation of organic matter or hydrogen to produce hydrogen sulfide, a highly toxic gas. These microorganisms can have both a positive and negative impact, having implications for human health, climate change, biogeochemistry, and bioremediation.
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Sulfate metabolic pathway
