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Publicação
Exosome membrane-coated nanosystems
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Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
Bio-mimicking principles have recently been proposed for the surface functionalization of nanoparticles (NPs). Such a strategy is based on camouflaging the NP surface with functional biomembranes to render superior biocompatibility, interfacial features, immune evasion, and active targeting properties to nanomaterials. In this area of research, cell membranes derived from a plethora of highly optimized cells, such as red blood cells, immune cells, platelets, stem cells, cancer cells, and others, have been the pioneers as coating materials. This biomimetic concept has then been applied to subcellular structures, namely extracellular vesicles and intracellular organelles. Exosomes are a nanosized extracellular vesicle subtype secreted by most cells. These phospholipid bilayer nanovesicles are surface enriched with proteins accounting for their dynamic and prominent roles in immune escape, cell-cell communication, and specific cell uptake. Their intrinsic stability, biocompatibility, reduced immunogenicity and toxicity, and specific cell-targeting features denote an optimal biological nanocarrier for biomedical applications. This review highlights the current clinical applications of exosome membrane-coated nanosystems in cancer diagnosis and therapy. These biomimetic nanosystems have emerged as a promising avenue to provide effective, highly specific, and safer cancer-targeted applications. Finally, challenges hindering their clinical application will be mentioned.
Descrição
The authors acknowledge the financial support from the grants 2021.05914.BD (given to D.P.) and PTDC/BTM-MAT/4738/2020 project (given to A.C.P.-S., J.C., and F.V.) from Fundacão para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT). J.C. acknowledges the European Research Council Starting Grant (ERC-StG-2019-848325).
Palavras-chave
biomimicry cancer cell membrane coating exosome membrane-coated nanoparticles exosomes extracellular vesicles General Materials Science SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being