Review - "knees" in Lithium-Ion Battery Aging Trajectories

Lithium-ion batteries can last many years but sometimes exhibit rapid, nonlinear degradation that severely limits battery lifetime. In this work, we review prior work on "knees"in lithium-ion battery aging trajectories. We first review definitions for knees and three classes of "internal state trajectories"(termed snowball, hidden, and threshold trajectories) that can cause a knee. We then discuss six knee "pathways", including lithium plating, electrode saturation, resistance growth, electrolyte and additive depletion, percolation-limited connectivity, and mechanical deformation - some of which have internal state trajectories with signals that are electrochemically undetectable. We also identify key design and usage sensitivities for knees. Finally, we discuss challenges and opportunities for knee modeling and prediction. Our findings illustrate the complexity and subtlety of lithium-ion battery degradation and can aid both academic and industrial efforts to improve battery lifetime.

Descrição

Funding Information: We thank Dr. Stephen Harris for providing the data used in Fig. a and Dr. John Cannarella for providing the data used in Fig. b. F.B.P. was supported by the Faraday Institution [EP/S003053/1 grant numbers FIRG003 and FIRG025] P.D was supported by Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF 03XP0302C). P.G. is supported by National Renewable Energy Laboratory which is operated by Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) under Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308. E.K. acknowledges funding by Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) under the Career Development Fund (C210112037). Y.P. was supported by the US Department of Energy Office of Electricity, Energy Storage Program under the direction of Dr. Imre Gyuk. Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-mission laboratory managed and operated by National Technology and Engineering Solutions of Sandia, LLC., a wholly owned subsidiary of Honeywell International, Inc., for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-NA-0003525. This paper describes objective technical results and analysis. Any subjective views or opinions that might be expressed in the paper do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Department of Energy or the United States Government. S.S. thanks support from the Carnegie Mellon University Presidential Fellowship. Publisher Copyright: © 2022 The Author(s). Published on behalf of The Electrochemical Society by IOP Publishing Limited.

Palavras-chave

Battery degradation Battery lifetime Battery lifetime prediction Battery modeling Knee point Lithium-ion batteries Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment Surfaces, Coatings and Films Electrochemistry Materials Chemistry SDG 7 - Affordable and Clean Energy