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- From food waste to volatile fatty acids towards a circular economyPublication . Carvalheira, Mónica; Duque, Anouk F.; UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit; DQ - Departamento de QuímicaThe food industrial sector generates large amounts of waste, which are often used for animal feed, for agriculture or landfilled. However, these wastes have a very reach composition in carbon and other compounds, which make them very attractive for valorization through biotechnological processes. Added value compounds, such as volatile fatty acids (VFAs), can be produced by anaerobic fermentation using pure cultures or mixed microbial cultures and food waste as carbon source. Research on valuable applications for VFAs, such as polyhydroxyalkanoates, bioenergy or biological nutrient removal, towards a circular economy is emerging. This enhances the sustainability and the economic value of food waste. This chapter reviews the various types of food waste used for VFAs production using mixed microbial cultures, the anaerobic processes, involved and the main applications for the produced VFAs. The main parameters affecting VFAs production are also discussed.
- Hydrocarbon‐Contaminated Soil in Cold Climate ConditionsPublication . Ferreira, Ana Rita; Guedes, Paula; Mateus, Eduardo P.; Jensen, Pernille Erland; Ribeiro, Alexandra B.; Couto, Nazaré; CENSE - Centro de Investigação em Ambiente e Sustentabilidade; DCEA - Departamento de Ciências e Engenharia do Ambiente; Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier (ITQB)Oil is one of the more toxic pollutants in the environment. Due to the fragility of the Arctic environment to anthropogenic disturbances, the persistence and severity of ecological impacts from oil spills can be significant. The development of non‐invasive and sustainable solutions for soil remediation is a pressing problem. The feasibility of electrokinetic technology as a remediation strategy to enhance oil removal from soil under cold climate conditions was assessed. The soil was collected in Sisimiut, Greenland from a dump site after an oil spill. A range of temperatures and different strategies for applying electric current were tested in experiments over 14 days. The soil showed a total petroleum hydrocarbon concentration of 69 500 mg kg−1, and the levels decreased between 43% and 78%. The effect of the electric field for oil removal was not verified when compared with controls. Naturally cold‐adapted microorganisms seemed to have a strong influence on oil remediation under the tested conditions.
- Pseudophase Model in MicroemulsionsPublication . Cid, A.; Acuña, Angel; Alonso-Ferrer, Manuel; Astray, Gonzalo; García-Río, Luis; Simal-Gándara, Jesus; Mejuto, Juan C.; UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit; DQ - Departamento de QuímicaThe kinetic behaviours in microemulsions can be easily modelled using an extension of the pseudophase model previously developed for micellar catalysis. This model considers that the microheterogeneous media can be considered as the sum of different conventional reaction media, where the reagents are distributed and in which the reaction can occur simultaneously. The reaction rate observed in the microheterogeneous system will be the sum of the velocities in each one of the pseudophases. This use can be considered as an extension of the pseudophase model, which has been developed for the quantitative analysis of nitrosation reactions in AOT/isooctane/water microemulsions and has been applied successfully in the literature in a large variety of chemical reactions.
- Solubility of Bioactive, Inorganic and Polymeric Solids in Ionic Liquids—Experimental and Prediction PerspectivesPublication . Carrera, Gonçalo Valente da Silva Marino; Branco, Luís Alexandre Almeida Fernandes Cobra; Nunes, Ana Vital Morgado Marques; Zakrzewska, Malgorzata E.; DQ - Departamento de Química; CQFB-REQUIMTE - Centro de Química Fina e Biotecnologia (Lab. Associado REQUIMTE)