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Publicação
Typhoid fever infection – Antibiotic resistance and vaccination strategies
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Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
Typhoid fever is a bacterial infection caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi), prevalent in many low- and middle-income countries. In high-income territories, typhoid fever is predominantly travel-related, consequent to travel in typhoid-endemic regions; however, data show that the level of typhoid vaccination in travellers is low. Successful management of typhoid fever using antibiotics is becoming increasingly difficult due to drug resistance; emerging resistance has spread geographically due to factors such as increasing travel connectivity, affecting those in endemic regions and travellers alike. This review provides an overview of: the epidemiology and diagnosis of typhoid fever; the emergence of drug-resistant typhoid strains in the endemic setting; drug resistance observed in travellers; vaccines currently available to prevent typhoid fever; vaccine recommendations for people living in typhoid-endemic regions; strategies for the introduction of typhoid vaccines and stakeholders in vaccination programmes; and travel recommendations for a selection of destinations with a medium or high incidence of typhoid fever.
Descrição
Funding Information: The manuscript was funded by Emergent BioSolutions . The study sponsors had no role in the writing of the manuscript or the decision to submit the manuscript for publication. Publisher Copyright: © 2020 Elsevier Ltd
Palavras-chave
Bacterial Drug resistance Risk Salmonella typhi Travel Typhoid-paratyphoid vaccines Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health Infectious Diseases SDG 1 - No Poverty SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being SDG 6 - Clean Water and Sanitation SDG 12 - Responsible Consumption and Production