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Dissecting grapevine graft incompatibility with particular reference to its early detection and underlying causes
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"Grafting is an ancient agricultural method widely practice already in Greek and Roman times and consists in the joining of two different plant parts, the scion (shoot) and the rootstock (roots), in a way in which they will develop and functioning as a single plant. Over time, grafting evolved from a way of propagating plants to using them to improve their characteristics. For instance, Vitis vinifera are grafted since the middle of the 19th century onto American grapevine rootstocks to exploit their resistance to the Phylloxera, which would otherwise be lethal for European vines. One important aspect of grafting is graft incompatibility which refers to the early or later failure of the graft union which delays rootstock breeding selection and causes losses to farmers and nurseries.(...)"
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Grapevine Dissection