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The uneasy case for lower parking standards
Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
Minimum parking requirements are the norm for urban and suburban development in the United States (Davidson
and Dolnick (2002)). The justification for parking space requirements is that overflow parking will occupy nearby
street or off-street parking. Shoup (1999) and Willson (1995) provides cases where there is reason to believe that
parking space requirements have forced parcel developers to place more parking than they would in the absence of
parking requirements. If the effect of parking minimums is to significantly increase the land area devoted to
parking, then the increase in impervious surfaces would likely cause water quality degradation, increased flooding,
and decreased groundwater recharge. However, to our knowledge the existing literature does not test the effect of
parking minimums on the amount of lot space devoted to parking beyond a few case studies. This paper tests the
hypothesis that parking space requirements cause an oversupply of parking by examining the implicit marginal value
of land allocated to parking spaces. This is an indirect test of the effects of parking requirements that is similar to
Glaeser and Gyourko (2003). A simple theoretical model shows that the marginal value of additional parking to the
sale price should be equal to the cost of land plus the cost of parking construction. We estimate the marginal values
of parking and lot area with spatial methods using a large data set from the Los Angeles area non-residential
property sales and find that for most of the property types the marginal value of parking is significantly below that
of the parcel area. This evidence supports the contention that minimum parking requirements significantly increase
the amount of parcel area devoted to parking.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Parking Land use Sprawl