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Risco : um conceito do passado que colonizou o presente
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RESUMO - No seu sentido original, o conceito de risco era neutro e
referia-se a uma probabilidade aumentada de um evento
ocorrer. No entanto, actualmente, o risco é frequentemente
tomado com um presságio. O risco significa perigo e qualquer
risco é sempre concebido de uma forma negativa.
Além disso, a magnitude e a natureza global dos riscos
actuais são tais que os riscos se tornaram cada vez mais
difíceis de quantificar, de prevenir e de anular e, nesse
sentido, muitos defendem que vivemos na «sociedade do
risco».
Neste artigo, num primeiro momento, esboça-se a emergência
histórica do conceito de risco e salienta-se a proeminência
cada vez maior que este conceito tem vindo a assumir
no quotidiano dos sujeitos e na linguagem dos
profissionais. Num segundo momento, realiza-se uma abordagem
à filosofia do risco e à forma como ela tem sido
apropriada e gerida pelas ciências da saúde, nomeadamente
pela saúde pública na atribuição de culpas individuais
e grupais, no estabelecimento de normas e na manutenção
do controle e da coesão social.
ABSTRACT - In its original sense, risk was a neutral concept and was related with an increased probability of some event occurrence. However, nowadays, risk is often considered as a sign. Risk means danger and any risk is always conceived in a negative way. Besides, the global nature and magnitude of the risk is such today, that risk became more and more difficult to estimate, prevent or eliminate. In this sense, many authors agree that we live in a «risk society». In this paper, the historic emergency of the risk concept is first delineated and the growing importance of the concept in daily life and in the professional language is emphasized. The second part is an approach to the philosophy of risk and to the way it has been adapted and managed by the health sciences, namely by public health policy, in the attribution of individual or social blames, in the establishment of norms and in the maintenance of social cohesion.
ABSTRACT - In its original sense, risk was a neutral concept and was related with an increased probability of some event occurrence. However, nowadays, risk is often considered as a sign. Risk means danger and any risk is always conceived in a negative way. Besides, the global nature and magnitude of the risk is such today, that risk became more and more difficult to estimate, prevent or eliminate. In this sense, many authors agree that we live in a «risk society». In this paper, the historic emergency of the risk concept is first delineated and the growing importance of the concept in daily life and in the professional language is emphasized. The second part is an approach to the philosophy of risk and to the way it has been adapted and managed by the health sciences, namely by public health policy, in the attribution of individual or social blames, in the establishment of norms and in the maintenance of social cohesion.
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Citação
Mendes, Felismina - Risco : um conceito do passado que colonizou o presente = Risk : a concept of the past that colonized our present. Revista Portuguesa de Saúde Pública. ISSN 0870-9025. Vol. 20, Nº 2 (Julho/Dezembro 2002), p. 53-62
Editora
Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública