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RESUMO - Este artigo descreve a evolução do estatuto jurídico do
hospital público português, com o intuito de o caracterizar,
em especial do ponto de vista da sua autonomia.
Considera-se que, pelo menos em parte, o estatuto jurídico do
hospital público português é responsável pela limitada autonomia
de que estas instituições gozaram nos últimos sessenta
anos, com as consequentes ineficiências na produção e produtividade,
fraca equidade no acesso e aumento de custos com
a prestação de cuidados, de discutível qualidade. Nessa
medida, várias reformas foram implementadas com o intuito
de conferir ao hospital maior autonomia: ao nível da gestão,
do financiamento e também reformas organizacionais.
De um sistema regionalizado, estabelecido em 1946, até ao
Serviço Nacional de Saúde e ao hospital dos nossos dias
foram adoptados diversos modelos estatutários. A reforma
de 2002 pretende estabelecer uma clara fronteira entre o
hospital público, administrativo, burocratizado e aquele
que assume natureza empresarial, numa clara viragem
— demasiado precoce? — com as «experiências inovadoras
» subsequentes à Lei de Bases da Saúde, que permitiram
concluir que à maior autonomia correspondiam atitudes
e resultados pró-activos e positivos. Por outro lado,
ultima-se a preparação da construção de dez novos hospitais
com recurso a parcerias público-privadas (PPP), sem
ainda estarem definidos quais os estatutos, grau de autonomia
e forma de gestão destas entidades.
Ainda é cedo para avaliar esta última reforma; não deverá,
no entanto, perder-se de vista que a implementação de um
novo estatuto jurídico para os hospitais terá necessariamente
de permitir a sua renovação sem descurar a sua
secular missão de solidariedade.
ABSTRACT - This article aims to provide an overview of the public hospital in Portugal, briefly describing the evolution of its juridical statute, with special focus on hospital autonomy. It is argued that the legal configuration of hospitals in Portugal is partly responsible for the limited autonomy that these institutions have achieved in the past 60 years, leading to production inefficiencies, high costs, arguable quality of care and poor equity in access. Therefore, several types of reforms have been attempted towards greater autonomy: management reforms, financing reforms and organisational reforms. From a regionalised system, established in 1946, to the present hospital (and National Health Service) many statutory models have been adopted. Clearly, the last reform (2002) intends to draw the line between a public, bureaucratic hospital and one that assumes a corporate-fashioned approach, abandoning — to soon? — the «innovative experiences» that led to the conclusion that greater autonomy induced long awaited changes in behaviour and positive results. There is another solution on the pipeline: PPP (public private partnerships), in order to build 10 new hospitals. Yet there are no clear decisions so far about their statutes, autonomy and management form. It is still early to evaluate this last reform, especially if we bear in mind that «autonomy, as it exists in the private sector, may be inappropriate for the public sector» (M. Chawla et al., 1996). The implementation of a new juridical statute must allow the public hospital’s renovation while boosting its centuries- old mission of solidarity.
ABSTRACT - This article aims to provide an overview of the public hospital in Portugal, briefly describing the evolution of its juridical statute, with special focus on hospital autonomy. It is argued that the legal configuration of hospitals in Portugal is partly responsible for the limited autonomy that these institutions have achieved in the past 60 years, leading to production inefficiencies, high costs, arguable quality of care and poor equity in access. Therefore, several types of reforms have been attempted towards greater autonomy: management reforms, financing reforms and organisational reforms. From a regionalised system, established in 1946, to the present hospital (and National Health Service) many statutory models have been adopted. Clearly, the last reform (2002) intends to draw the line between a public, bureaucratic hospital and one that assumes a corporate-fashioned approach, abandoning — to soon? — the «innovative experiences» that led to the conclusion that greater autonomy induced long awaited changes in behaviour and positive results. There is another solution on the pipeline: PPP (public private partnerships), in order to build 10 new hospitals. Yet there are no clear decisions so far about their statutes, autonomy and management form. It is still early to evaluate this last reform, especially if we bear in mind that «autonomy, as it exists in the private sector, may be inappropriate for the public sector» (M. Chawla et al., 1996). The implementation of a new juridical statute must allow the public hospital’s renovation while boosting its centuries- old mission of solidarity.
Descrição
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Contexto Educativo
Citação
Reis, Vasco; Falcão, Eva - Hospital público português : da crise à renovação? = The public hospital in Portugal : from crisis to renovation? Revista Portuguesa de Saúde Pública. ISSN 0870-9025. Vol. 21, Nº 2 (Julho/Dezembro 2003), p. 5-14
Editora
Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública
