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O papel dos médicos e outros profissionais de saúde no controlo da epidemia tabágica e da morbimortalidade a ela associada
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RESUMO - A Organização Mundial de Saúde continua a considerar o
consumo de tabaco a principal causa evitável de doença e
morte prematura, sobretudo nos países desenvolvidos.
Estima-se que em Portugal morram cerca de 8500 fumadores
por ano devido ao tabagismo.
Não obstante os seus efeitos demolidores, fumar é um comportamento
muito difundido no mundo inteiro e também
em Portugal. Segundo os dados do Inquérito Nacional de
Saúde de 1999, estima-se que fumem diariamente cerca de
29,3% dos homens e cerca de 7,9% das mulheres com mais
de 15 anos, o que corresponde a um total de 1 626 597
portugueses fumadores (1 248 212 homens e 378 385
mulheres). Este valor pode estar subestimado, pois,
segundo o Eurobarómetro, fumavam diariamente em 2000,
em Portugal, cerca de 44% dos homens e 14% das mulheres
(Commission Européenne, 2003).
Apesar da dimensão atingida actualmente pela epidemia
tabágica, Mendoza (1999) considera o tabagismo um problema
vulnerável, como o foram outros problemas de
saúde no passado. Um contributo importante para o controlo
da epidemia passa pela assunção por parte dos médicos
(e outros profissionais) dos riscos que fumar tem na
saúde. Depois dessa tomada de consciência é importante
que dêem o exemplo e deixem de fumar (se é que o fazem)
ou, pelo menos, não o façam na presença dos seus pacientes.
O passo seguinte é o seu envolvimento activo no tratamento
de uma doença crónica, como hoje em dia é considerada
a dependência da nicotina, tal como estão a fazer
relativamente ao controlo de outros factores de risco para
a saúde como as dislipidemias, a hipertensão, a diabetes,
etc.
Partindo do princípio de que uma abordagem mínima (que
pode durar cerca de cinco a dez minutos) consegue taxas
de abandono de 5%-10% (Lorza Blasco, 2002), podemos
estimar que, se os profissionais de saúde dedicarem algum
tempo à resolução deste problema, podem fazer com que
81 329 a 162 659 portugueses abandonem o hábito de
fumar.
ABSTRACT - The World Health Organization considers smoking the most important and isolated cause of premature death and disease, mainly in developed countries. It is estimated that in Portugal 8500 smokers die daily due to their smoking habits. No matter its demolishing outcome, smoking is a widespread behavior in the whole world and Portugal is no exception. According to data of the National Health Inquiry of 1999, it is estimated that in Portugal 29.3% of men and 7.9% of woman with more than 15 years old smoke daily, which corresponds to a total of 1 626 597 smokers (1 248 212 men and 378 385 women). This data may be underestimated, since, in the year 2000, according to the Eurobarometter and in Portugal about 44% of men and 14% of women smoked daily (Commission Européene, 2003). In spite of the extension currently reached by the tobacco epidemic, Mendoza (1999) considers smoking a vulnerable problem as other disease problems were in the past. An important contribution to the epidemic control may be given by the assumption by physicians (and other health professionals) of the risks that smoking has on health. When that conscience is undertaken, it is important that they give the example and stop smoking (if that is the case) or at least they avoid doing it in front of their patients. The next step is their active involvement in the treatment of this chronic disease which the dependency on nicotine is considered today, such as is being done with other healthy risk conditions such as dislipidemies, hypertension, diabetes, etc. Taking as principle that a minimum approach (which may take five to ten minutes) can lead to abandon taxes of 5% to 10% (Lorza Blasco, 2002), we may estimate that, if the health professionals dedicate some time to the resolution of this problem, they will be able to help 81 329 to 162 659 Portuguese abandon smoking.
ABSTRACT - The World Health Organization considers smoking the most important and isolated cause of premature death and disease, mainly in developed countries. It is estimated that in Portugal 8500 smokers die daily due to their smoking habits. No matter its demolishing outcome, smoking is a widespread behavior in the whole world and Portugal is no exception. According to data of the National Health Inquiry of 1999, it is estimated that in Portugal 29.3% of men and 7.9% of woman with more than 15 years old smoke daily, which corresponds to a total of 1 626 597 smokers (1 248 212 men and 378 385 women). This data may be underestimated, since, in the year 2000, according to the Eurobarometter and in Portugal about 44% of men and 14% of women smoked daily (Commission Européene, 2003). In spite of the extension currently reached by the tobacco epidemic, Mendoza (1999) considers smoking a vulnerable problem as other disease problems were in the past. An important contribution to the epidemic control may be given by the assumption by physicians (and other health professionals) of the risks that smoking has on health. When that conscience is undertaken, it is important that they give the example and stop smoking (if that is the case) or at least they avoid doing it in front of their patients. The next step is their active involvement in the treatment of this chronic disease which the dependency on nicotine is considered today, such as is being done with other healthy risk conditions such as dislipidemies, hypertension, diabetes, etc. Taking as principle that a minimum approach (which may take five to ten minutes) can lead to abandon taxes of 5% to 10% (Lorza Blasco, 2002), we may estimate that, if the health professionals dedicate some time to the resolution of this problem, they will be able to help 81 329 to 162 659 Portuguese abandon smoking.
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Citação
Macedo, Manuel; Precioso, José - O papel dos médicos e outros profissionais de saúde no controlo da epidemia tabágica e da morbimortalidade a ela associada = The role of physicians and other health professionals in the control of the smoking epidemic and its associated morbimortality. Revista Portuguesa de Saúde Pública. ISSN 0870-9025. Vol. 22, Nº 2 (Julho/Dezembro 2004), p. 91-100
Editora
Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública