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The cross-national epidemiology of social anxiety disorder

2017-07-31Artigo científico Acesso aberto
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dc.contributor.authorStein, Dan J.
dc.contributor.authorLim, Carmen C.W.
dc.contributor.authorRoest, Annelieke M.
dc.contributor.authorde Jonge, Peter
dc.contributor.authorAguilar-Gaxiola, Sergio
dc.contributor.authorAl-Hamzawi, Ali
dc.contributor.authorAlonso, Jordi
dc.contributor.authorBenjet, Corina
dc.contributor.authorBromet, Evelyn J.
dc.contributor.authorBruffaerts, Ronny
dc.contributor.authorde Girolamo, Giovanni
dc.contributor.authorFlorescu, Silvia
dc.contributor.authorGureje, Oye
dc.contributor.authorHaro, Josep Maria
dc.contributor.authorHarris, Meredith G.
dc.contributor.authorHe, Yanling
dc.contributor.authorHinkov, Hristo
dc.contributor.authorHoriguchi, Itsuko
dc.contributor.authorHu, Chiyi
dc.contributor.authorKaram, Aimee
dc.contributor.authorKaram, Elie G.
dc.contributor.authorLee, Sing
dc.contributor.authorLepine, Jean Pierre
dc.contributor.authorNavarro-Mateu, Fernando
dc.contributor.authorPennell, Beth Ellen
dc.contributor.authorPiazza, Marina
dc.contributor.authorPosada-Villa, Jose
dc.contributor.authorten Have, Margreet
dc.contributor.authorTorres, Yolanda
dc.contributor.authorViana, Maria Carmen
dc.contributor.authorWojtyniak, Bogdan
dc.contributor.authorXavier, Miguel
dc.contributor.authorXavier, Miguel
dc.contributor.authorKessler, Ronald C.
dc.contributor.authorKessler, Ronald
dc.contributor.authorScott, Kate M.
dc.contributor.authorAl-Kaisy, Mohammed Salih
dc.contributor.authorAlonso, Jordi
dc.contributor.authorAndrade, Laura Helena
dc.contributor.authorBorges, Guilherme
dc.contributor.authorBunting, Brendan
dc.contributor.authorCaldas-de-Almeida, José M
dc.contributor.authorJM, Caldas-de-Almeida
dc.contributor.authorCardoso, Graca
dc.contributor.authorCardoso, Graca
dc.contributor.authorCia, Alfredo H.
dc.contributor.authorChatterji, Somnath
dc.contributor.authorDegenhardt, Louisa
dc.contributor.authorDemyttenaere, Koen
dc.contributor.authorFayyad, John
dc.contributor.authorHu, Chi yi
dc.contributor.authorHuang, Yueqin
dc.contributor.authorKawakami, Norito
dc.contributor.authorKiejna, Andrzej
dc.contributor.authorKovess-Masfety, Viviane
dc.contributor.authorLevinson, Daphna
dc.contributor.authorMcGrath, John
dc.contributor.authorMedina-Mora, Maria Elena
dc.contributor.authorMoskalewicz, Jacek
dc.contributor.authorPennell, Beth Ellen
dc.contributor.authorSlade, Tim
dc.contributor.authorStagnaro, Juan Carlos
dc.contributor.authorTaib, Nezar
dc.contributor.authorWhiteford, Harvey
dc.contributor.authorWilliams, David R.
dc.contributor.institutionNOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (NMS|FCM)
dc.contributor.institutionCentro de Estudos de Doenças Crónicas (CEDOC)
dc.contributor.pblBioMed Central (BMC)
dc.date.accessioned2017-09-29T22:04:15Z
dc.date.available2017-09-29T22:04:15Z
dc.date.issued2017-07-31
dc.description.abstractBackground: There is evidence that social anxiety disorder (SAD) is a prevalent and disabling disorder. However, most of the available data on the epidemiology of this condition originate from high income countries in the West. The World Mental Health (WMH) Survey Initiative provides an opportunity to investigate the prevalence, course, impairment, socio-demographic correlates, comorbidity, and treatment of this condition across a range of high, middle, and low income countries in different geographic regions of the world, and to address the question of whether differences in SAD merely reflect differences in threshold for diagnosis. Methods: Data from 28 community surveys in the WMH Survey Initiative, with 142,405 respondents, were analyzed. We assessed the 30-day, 12-month, and lifetime prevalence of SAD, age of onset, and severity of role impairment associated with SAD, across countries. In addition, we investigated socio-demographic correlates of SAD, comorbidity of SAD with other mental disorders, and treatment of SAD in the combined sample. Cross-tabulations were used to calculate prevalence, impairment, comorbidity, and treatment. Survival analysis was used to estimate age of onset, and logistic regression and survival analyses were used to examine socio-demographic correlates. Results: SAD 30-day, 12-month, and lifetime prevalence estimates are 1.3, 2.4, and 4.0% across all countries. SAD prevalence rates are lowest in low/lower-middle income countries and in the African and Eastern Mediterranean regions, and highest in high income countries and in the Americas and the Western Pacific regions. Age of onset is early across the globe, and persistence is highest in upper-middle income countries, Africa, and the Eastern Mediterranean. There are some differences in domains of severe role impairment by country income level and geographic region, but there are no significant differences across different income level and geographic region in the proportion of respondents with any severe role impairment. Also, across countries SAD is associated with specific socio-demographic features (younger age, female gender, unmarried status, lower education, and lower income) and with similar patterns of comorbidity. Treatment rates for those with any impairment are lowest in low/lower-middle income countries and highest in high income countries. Conclusions: While differences in SAD prevalence across countries are apparent, we found a number of consistent patterns across the globe, including early age of onset, persistence, impairment in multiple domains, as well as characteristic socio-demographic correlates and associated psychiatric comorbidities. In addition, while there are some differences in the patterns of impairment associated with SAD across the globe, key similarities suggest that the threshold for diagnosis is similar regardless of country income levels or geographic location. Taken together, these cross-national data emphasize the international clinical and public health significance of SAD.en
dc.description.versionpublishersversion
dc.description.versionpublished
dc.format.extent21
dc.format.extent578079
dc.identifier.doi10.1186/s12916-017-0889-2
dc.identifier.otherPURE: 3158063
dc.identifier.otherPURE UUID: eba10eee-b586-423e-82e1-e70f896caf83
dc.identifier.otherScopus: 85026466440
dc.identifier.otherPubMed: 28756776
dc.identifier.otherWOS: 000406532600001
dc.identifier.urihttp://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85026466440&partnerID=8YFLogxK
dc.identifier.urlhttps://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85026466440
dc.language.isoeng
dc.peerreviewedyes
dc.subjectCross-national epidemiology
dc.subjectSocial anxiety disorder
dc.subjectSocial phobia
dc.subjectWorld Mental Health Survey Initiative
dc.subjectGeneral Medicine
dc.subjectSDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being
dc.titleThe cross-national epidemiology of social anxiety disorderen
dc.title.subtitleData from the World Mental Health Survey Initiativeen
dc.typejournal article
degois.publication.firstPage
degois.publication.issue1
degois.publication.lastPage
degois.publication.titleBMC Medicine
degois.publication.volume15
dspace.entity.typePublication
person.familyNameXavier
person.familyNameKessler
person.familyNamecaldas de almeida
person.familyNameCardoso
person.givenNameMiguel
person.givenNameRonald
person.givenNamejosé miguel
person.givenNameGraça
person.identifier.ciencia-idD71F-6F62-6CFA
person.identifier.ciencia-idA217-C270-9BA2
person.identifier.ciencia-id9F16-E03A-E150
person.identifier.orcid0000-0003-2698-1284
person.identifier.orcid0000-0003-4831-2305
person.identifier.orcid0000-0003-1902-6772
person.identifier.orcid0000-0003-1756-0197
person.identifier.scopus-author-id7006066808
person.identifier.scopus-author-id6506787166
person.identifier.scopus-author-id7005057979
rcaap.rightsopenAccess
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