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Energy Footprint of Cheese

2025-07Recensão Acesso aberto
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dc.contributor.authorSilvério, Karina S.
dc.contributor.authorFreitas, Daniela
dc.contributor.authorDias, João M.
dc.contributor.institutionDCT - Departamento de Ciências da Terra
dc.contributor.institutionGeoBioTec - Geobiociências, Geoengenharias e Geotecnologias
dc.contributor.pblMDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
dc.date.accessioned2025-09-03T22:03:56Z
dc.date.available2025-09-03T22:03:56Z
dc.date.issued2025-07
dc.descriptionThe present work was co-financed by the EU Recovery and Resilience Plan (PRR), under the project “CASEUS Combined use of renewable energy sources to improve energy efficiency in cheese industry” (RRP-C05-i03-I-000249). Copyright: © 2025 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
dc.description.abstractCheese production is an ancient practice that is associated with the food and cultural identity of different peoples. There are over 500 cheese types globally, including 207 with protected denomination of origin (PDO) and 70 with protected geographical indication (PGI) status in the European Union (EU). Each cheese has various biochemical compositions, production methods, and maturation environments. This study has provided a critical review of the environmental impacts of cheese production, focusing on energy consumption, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and the integration of renewable energy sources as sustainable strategies for this sector. Based on case studies and life cycle assessment (LCA) methodologies, the analysis revealed significant variability in energy use (3.0 to 70.2 MJ/kg) and GHG emissions (up to 22.13 kg CO2 eq/kg), influenced by factors such as the cheese type, production complexity, system boundaries, and the technological or geographical context. Particular attention was given to heat treatment, refrigeration, and maturation processes, which contribute substantially to the overall energy footprint. The paper also discusses the methodological challenges in LCA studies, including the role of co-product allocation and database limitations. Finally, strategic renewable energy options, such as biogas recovery and solar thermal integration, are discussed as sustainable alternatives to reduce the environmental footprint of the dairy sector and support its sustainability.en
dc.description.versionpublishersversion
dc.description.versionpublished
dc.format.extent1016657
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/app15148072
dc.identifier.issn2076-3417
dc.identifier.otherPURE: 128640110
dc.identifier.otherPURE UUID: b4520091-b812-4b1e-acfe-d95286bc5776
dc.identifier.otherScopus: 105011761810
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10362/187509
dc.identifier.urlhttps://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105011761810
dc.language.isoeng
dc.peerreviewedyes
dc.relationFunding Information: info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/UIDB%2F04035%2F2020/PT
dc.relationinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/Concurso de avaliação no âmbito do Programa Plurianual de Financiamento de Unidades de I&D (2017%2F2018) - Financiamento Base/UIDB%2F05183%2F2020/PT
dc.subjectcheese ripening
dc.subjectecological footprints
dc.subjectlife cycle assessment
dc.subjectrenewable energy
dc.subjectGeneral Materials Science
dc.subjectInstrumentation
dc.subjectGeneral Engineering
dc.subjectProcess Chemistry and Technology
dc.subjectComputer Science Applications
dc.subjectFluid Flow and Transfer Processes
dc.subjectSDG 7 - Affordable and Clean Energy
dc.subjectSDG 12 - Responsible Consumption and Production
dc.titleEnergy Footprint of Cheeseen
dc.title.subtitleA Critical Review of the Environmental Impact and Opportunities for Sustainabilityen
dc.typereview
degois.publication.issue14
degois.publication.titleApplied Sciences (Switzerland)
degois.publication.volume15
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.awardNumberUIDB/05183/2020
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/Concurso de avaliação no âmbito do Programa Plurianual de Financiamento de Unidades de I&D (2017%2F2018) - Financiamento Base/UIDB%2F05183%2F2020/PT
oaire.fundingStreamConcurso de avaliação no âmbito do Programa Plurianual de Financiamento de Unidades de I&D (2017/2018) - Financiamento Base
project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
rcaap.rightsopenAccess
relation.isProjectOfPublication071e71f8-7fe5-4898-9d6d-a9440b73cbee
relation.isProjectOfPublication.latestForDiscovery071e71f8-7fe5-4898-9d6d-a9440b73cbee

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