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Kinetics of charge-dependent reversible condensation of reflectin nanostructures

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Reflectins are unique cephalopod proteins found in specialized cells. They form fast triggerable nanostructures in vivo that play a crucial role in light reflection and camouflage. We investigated the rapid kinetics of in vitro reversible self-assembly of two recombinant reflectin sequences (R1b and R6) using pH variations as a trigger. By employing experimental and theoretical approaches across scales, we demonstrated that R6 exhibits superior reversibility and faster assembly kinetics. R6 maintained reversible assembly for up to 7 rapid pH cycles, with changes occurring in less than 20 minutes. This enhanced performance is attributed to R6's higher content of pH-sensitive residues and favorable charge distribution. Our findings impact the design of reflectin-inspired artificial biophotonic systems, offering potential applications in sensors, adaptive optics, and dynamic display technologies.

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Funding Information: This work has received funding from Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (Portugal) for projects PTDC/BII-BIO/28878/2017, PTDC/CTM-CTM/3389/2021, CPCA/15912/2022, and Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences– UCIBIO (UIDP/ 04378/2020 and UIDB/04378/2020) and Associate Laboratory Institute for Health and Bioeconomy– i4HB (LA/P/0140/2020), and the support of INCD funded by FCT and FEDER under the project 01/SAICT/2016 no 02215. The authors thank FCT/MEC for the research fellowship SFRH/BD/147388/2019 for I. L. and 2022.11305.BD for C. S. Publisher Copyright: © 2024 RSC.

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Chemistry (miscellaneous) General Materials Science

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