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Pine Nutshells and Their Biochars as Sources of Chemicals, Fuels, Activated Carbons, and Electrode Materials

2024-08Artigo científico Acesso aberto
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dc.contributor.authorȘen, Umut
dc.contributor.authorRodrigues, João F.G.
dc.contributor.authorAlmeida, Daiana
dc.contributor.authorFernandes, Ângela
dc.contributor.authorGonçalves, Margarida
dc.contributor.authorMartins, Marta
dc.contributor.authorSantos, Diogo M.F.
dc.contributor.authorPereira, Helena
dc.contributor.institutionDQ - Departamento de Química
dc.contributor.institutionMEtRICS - Centro de Engenharia Mecânica e Sustentabilidade de Recursos
dc.contributor.pblMDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
dc.date.accessioned2025-02-07T21:14:42Z
dc.date.available2025-02-07T21:14:42Z
dc.date.issued2024-08
dc.descriptionFunding Information: U. \u0218en acknowledges support from the Funda\u00E7\u00E3o para a Ci\u00EAncia e a Tecnologia (FCT, Portugal) through a research contract (DL 57/2016). The authors are grateful to the FCT for its financial support through national funds to CIMO (UIDB/00690/2020 (DOI: 10.54499/UIDB/00690/2020) and UIDP/00690/2020 (DOI: 10.54499/UIDP/00690/2020)), SusTEC (LA/P/0007/2020 (DOI: 10.54499/LA/P/0007/2020)), and CEF (UIDB/00239/2020 and UIDP/00239/2020 (DOI: 10.54499/UIDB/00239/2020 and DOI: 10.54499/UIDP/00239/2020)). The contract of \u00C2. Fernandes (DOI: 10.54499/CEECINST/00016/2018/CP1505/CT0008) was funded by the FCT through the institutional scientific employment program. FCT is also acknowledged for funding a research contract in the scope of programmatic funding UIDP/04540/2020 (D.M.F.S.). Publisher Copyright: © 2024 by the authors.
dc.description.abstractPine nutshells (PNSs) are lignocellulosic waste materials with limited use in domestic heating. However, a biorefinery approach may be applied to fractionate PNSs and produce chemicals, materials, and improved solid fuels. In this study, we fractionated PNSs and produced antioxidant extracts, lignins, polysaccharides, chars, and activated carbons and analyzed their potential applications. Pyrolytic kinetic modeling as an alternative method to chemical fractionation was also tested. The results showed that the PNS contains low amounts of extracts with weak thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) antioxidant properties, while its lignin content is remarkable (50.5%). Pyrolytic kinetic modeling was comparable to wet chemical analysis for estimating lignin yield. Moderate-temperature pyrolysis of the PNS resulted in a 23% char yield. The PNS chars showed improved fuel characteristics, retained 36% water, and leached 151 mg/L potassium into the water. The steam activation of PNS biochars at 750 °C resulted in oxygen-enriched activated carbons with specific surface areas up to 467 m2/g. The overall results indicate promising biochar applications of the PNS for soil amendment and supercapacitor uses.en
dc.description.versionpublishersversion
dc.description.versionpublished
dc.format.extent3092383
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/pr12081603
dc.identifier.issn2227-9717
dc.identifier.otherPURE: 107189424
dc.identifier.otherPURE UUID: 27c7e5ee-94fb-4400-a9d6-20977c67249a
dc.identifier.otherScopus: 85202667975
dc.identifier.otherORCID: /0000-0002-0940-519X/work/177620797
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10362/178642
dc.identifier.urlhttps://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85202667975
dc.language.isoeng
dc.peerreviewedyes
dc.subjectactivated carbon
dc.subjectbiochar
dc.subjectelectrochemical properties
dc.subjectkinetic analysis
dc.subjectnutshell
dc.subjectTBARS
dc.subjectBioengineering
dc.subjectChemical Engineering (miscellaneous)
dc.subjectProcess Chemistry and Technology
dc.titlePine Nutshells and Their Biochars as Sources of Chemicals, Fuels, Activated Carbons, and Electrode Materialsen
dc.typejournal article
degois.publication.issue8
degois.publication.titleProcesses
degois.publication.volume12
dspace.entity.typePublication
rcaap.rightsopenAccess

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