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Fluorine Quantification in Phosphogypsum by Particle Induced γ-Ray Emission

2026-07Artigo científico Acesso aberto
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dc.contributor.authorCruz, João Duarte Neves
dc.contributor.authorAlves, Luís C.
dc.contributor.authorSchmidt, Horst
dc.contributor.authorBertau, Martin
dc.contributor.authorKiegiel, Katarzyna
dc.contributor.authorBellefqih, Hajar
dc.contributor.authorBilal, Essaid
dc.contributor.authorHaneklaus, Nils
dc.contributor.authorBarbosa, Sofia
dc.contributor.institutionDF – Departamento de Física
dc.contributor.institutionLIBPhys-UNL
dc.contributor.institutionGeoBioTec - Geobiociências, Geoengenharias e Geotecnologias
dc.contributor.institutionDCT - Departamento de Ciências da Terra
dc.contributor.pblMDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
dc.date.accessioned2026-09-09T10:59:01Z
dc.date.available2026-09-09T10:59:01Z
dc.date.issued2026-07
dc.descriptionPublisher Copyright: © 2026 by the authors.
dc.description.abstractPhosphogypsum (PG) is the main by-product of the wet processing of phosphate rock for phosphoric acid production and is generated worldwide in hundreds of millions of tons per year. With an increasing demand for gypsum-based materials for industrial and agricultural applications and the predictable gypsum shortage in the coming years, PG can be considered a valuable replacement. However, the presence of fluorine in PG can limit its use, given the negative effects it can have on human health and the environment. In this work, it is presented a new methodology which determines with high sensitivity the fluorine concentrations in PG by a combination of Ion Beam Analytical (IBA) techniques, with a focus on PIGE (Particle Induced (Formula presented.) -ray Emission). Seventeen PG samples were analyzed, fifteen of which originated from processing experiments. Fluorine was detected in concentrations ranging from 0.003 to 0.691 wt.%. The upper end of this range is comparable to or higher than typical values reported for PG and may require treatment depending on the intended end use and environmental compliance criteria.en
dc.description.versionpublishersversion
dc.description.versionpublished
dc.format.extent2638559
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/pr14142247
dc.identifier.issn2227-9717
dc.identifier.otherPURE: 170495882
dc.identifier.otherPURE UUID: c3255e13-6558-4fa1-a754-9d5e867551b2
dc.identifier.otherScopus: 105045927614
dc.identifier.otherWOS: 001831862400001
dc.identifier.otherORCID: /0000-0002-6233-2970/work/226271158
dc.identifier.otherORCID: /0000-0003-3242-0328/work/226272073
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10362/206205
dc.identifier.urlhttps://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105045927614
dc.language.isoeng
dc.peerreviewedyes
dc.subjectfluorine
dc.subjectIBA
dc.subjectnon-destructive
dc.subjectphosphogypsum
dc.subjectPIGE
dc.subjectregulatory limits
dc.subjectBioengineering
dc.subjectChemical Engineering (miscellaneous)
dc.subjectProcess Chemistry and Technology
dc.subjectSDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being
dc.titleFluorine Quantification in Phosphogypsum by Particle Induced γ-Ray Emissionen
dc.typejournal article
degois.publication.issue14
degois.publication.titleProcesses
degois.publication.volume14
dspace.entity.typePublication
rcaap.rightsopenAccess

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