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SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Children

2025-08-22Artigo científico Acesso aberto
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dc.contributor.authorMartins, Catarina Gregório
dc.contributor.authorÂngelo-Dias, Miguel
dc.contributor.authorMartins, Catarina
dc.contributor.authorChasqueira, Maria de Jesus
dc.contributor.authorBrito, Maria João
dc.contributor.authorÂngelo-Dias, Miguel
dc.contributor.authorSilva, Tiago Milheiro
dc.contributor.authorMatos, Maria Vitória
dc.contributor.authorChasqueira, Maria-Jesus
dc.contributor.authorLopes, Maria Teresa
dc.contributor.authorCrespo, Hélio
dc.contributor.authorMata, Mariana
dc.contributor.authorBorrego, Luís Miguel
dc.contributor.authorPaixão, Paulo
dc.contributor.authorLopes, Maria Teresa
dc.contributor.authorBORREGO, LUIS MIGUEL
dc.contributor.authorPaixão, Paulo
dc.contributor.institutionNOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (NMS|FCM)
dc.contributor.institutionComprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC) - pólo NMS
dc.contributor.pblMDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
dc.date.accessioned2025-10-10T22:01:36Z
dc.date.available2025-10-10T22:01:36Z
dc.date.issued2025-08-22
dc.description.abstractChildren with COVID-19 typically experience milder symptoms and lower hospitalization rates, though severe cases do occur. Understanding age-related immune responses is crucial for future preparedness. We characterized immune response dynamics to SARS-CoV-2 in 145 samples from 119 pediatric patients (<18 years) with confirmed infection, assessed at four distinct time points: <14 days, 14 days-3 months, 3-6 months, and 6-12 months post-infection. At infection, patients presented increased activated T-cells, higher levels of exhaustion (i.e., PD-1 +), lower numbers of unswitched memory B-cells, and increased antibody-secreting cells (ASCs). Both humoral and cellular anti-SARS-CoV-2 responses increased over time (all patients showed measurable responses in the last assessment). Asymptomatic/mildly symptomatic patients (58.6%) showed increased specific cellular responses from infection onwards, along with enriched memory B-cell subsets (but not ASCs), and distinct T-cell activation profiles. Children with severe disease were younger, predominantly boys, displayed altered T/B-cell ratios, and reduced PHA responses when infected. Compared to adolescents, younger children showed lower antibody titers and weaker cellular responses to SARS-CoV-2, possibly underlining the higher prevalence of severe manifestations in younger children. Our study illustrates important age-, gender-, and disease severity-dependent variations in immune responses to SARS-CoV-2, which can be helpful in improving patient management and immunization strategies adjusted to age groups.en
dc.description.versionpublishersversion
dc.description.versionpublished
dc.format.extent2444501
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/pathogens14090838
dc.identifier.issn2076-0817
dc.identifier.otherPURE: 130617957
dc.identifier.otherPURE UUID: 736ff969-6daf-471c-90b0-7be8c9b3bcb5
dc.identifier.otherPubMed: 41011738
dc.identifier.otherScopus: 105017388999
dc.identifier.otherORCID: /0000-0003-4708-438X/work/193973893
dc.identifier.otherORCID: /0000-0003-0353-0421/work/193974025
dc.identifier.otherORCID: /0000-0001-9933-4075/work/206216934
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10362/189226
dc.language.isoeng
dc.peerreviewedyes
dc.subjectHumans
dc.subjectCOVID-19/immunology
dc.subjectChild
dc.subjectMale
dc.subjectFemale
dc.subjectSARS-CoV-2/immunology
dc.subjectAdolescent
dc.subjectChild, Preschool
dc.subjectAntibodies, Viral/blood
dc.subjectT-Lymphocytes/immunology
dc.subjectInfant
dc.subjectHost-Pathogen Interactions/immunology
dc.subjectB-Lymphocytes/immunology
dc.subjectImmunity, Cellular
dc.subjectMemory B Cells/immunology
dc.subjectLymphocyte Activation
dc.titleSARS-CoV-2 Infection in Childrenen
dc.title.subtitleRevisiting Host-Virus Interactions Through Post-Infection Immune Profilingen
dc.typejournal article
degois.publication.issue9
degois.publication.titlePathogens
degois.publication.volume14
dspace.entity.typePublication
person.familyNameMartins
person.familyNameDias
person.familyNameChasqueira
person.familyNameLopes
person.familyNameBORREGO
person.familyNamePaixão
person.givenNameCatarina
person.givenNameMiguel
person.givenNameMaria-Jesus
person.givenNameMaria Teresa
person.givenNameLUIS MIGUEL
person.givenNamePaulo
person.identifier2615881
person.identifier.ciencia-id411B-1E08-D4F7
person.identifier.ciencia-id2C1A-CD84-5FA5
person.identifier.ciencia-id4119-915F-EF0F
person.identifier.orcid0000-0003-0353-0421
person.identifier.orcid0000-0001-9933-4075
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-8015-7109
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-4828-0465
person.identifier.orcid0000-0003-4708-438X
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-4294-0872
person.identifier.scopus-author-id8346933500
person.identifier.scopus-author-id6508103792
rcaap.rightsopenAccess
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relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscovery34f362b7-efa5-4259-a91e-f5f6dc6e0b95

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