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Remarkable enhancement of the stability against aging of nanocellulose films by the incorporation of boron compounds

2026-11Artigo científico Acesso aberto
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dc.contributor.authorAlmeida, Ricardo
dc.contributor.authorRamos, Ana
dc.contributor.authorHåkonsen, Verner
dc.contributor.authorDeuermeier, Jonas
dc.contributor.authorMaloney, Thaddeus
dc.contributor.authorBelgacem, Naceur
dc.contributor.authorGamelas, José
dc.contributor.institutionCENIMAT-i3N - Centro de Investigação de Materiais (Lab. Associado I3N)
dc.contributor.institutionUNINOVA-Instituto de Desenvolvimento de Novas Tecnologias
dc.contributor.institutionDCM - Departamento de Ciência dos Materiais
dc.contributor.pblElsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam.
dc.date.accessioned2026-09-07T11:38:01Z
dc.date.available2026-09-07T11:38:01Z
dc.date.issued2026-11
dc.descriptionPublisher Copyright: © 2026 The Authors
dc.description.abstractSulfated cellulose nanofibril (S-CNF) films are promising sustainable materials, yet their properties can deteriorate under moist-heat exposure, limiting their long-term performance. Here, the aging behavior of S-CNF films at 80 °C and 65% relative humidity was investigated and the addition of sodium borohydride (NaBH4) as a chemical stabilization strategy is proposed. Neat S-CNF films underwent rapid acidification and cellulose depolymerization with aging, with pH decreasing from 3.7 to 1.9 and the degree of polymerization (DP) of cellulose dropping from 569 to 80 after only two days of aging. Concomitant changes in crystallinity and morphology were observed, which together culminated in the deterioration of several properties after eight days of aging, including a tensile strength reduction from 123 to 3 MPa and very high color changes (∆E = 39.6). These poor results were attributed to hydrolysis of sulfate ester groups, which intensified acidification, thus leading to accelerated cellulose chain scission and chromophore generation reactions. In contrast, NaBH4 addition resulted in films with a buffered pH of ca. 9, which suppressed cellulose depolymerization (DP going from 801 to 761 after eight days of aging) and preserved the chemical and microstructural integrity of the films during aging. Consequently, the NaBH4-treated films showed a superior mechanical performance (tensile strength of 39 MPa) and exhibited minimal color changes (∆E = 1.7) after aging. Overall, NaBH4 addition prior to film formation effectively improves the resistance of S-CNF films against moist-heat aging, extending their applicability for long-term and high-performance applications.en
dc.description.versionpublishersversion
dc.description.versionpublished
dc.format.extent12
dc.format.extent8240862
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2026.106886
dc.identifier.issn1381-5148
dc.identifier.otherPURE: 172416343
dc.identifier.otherPURE UUID: 746a29a0-5206-4fb3-a1f7-5aaa90f03b4a
dc.identifier.otherScopus: 105046795258
dc.identifier.otherWOS: 001847549300001
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10362/206125
dc.identifier.urlhttps://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105046795258
dc.identifier.urlhttps://www.webofscience.com/wos/woscc/full-record/WOS:001847549300001
dc.language.isoeng
dc.peerreviewedyes
dc.subjectAccelerated aging
dc.subjectCellulose degradation
dc.subjectCellulose nanopapers
dc.subjectDeep eutectic solvent
dc.subjectSodium borohydride
dc.subjectSulfation
dc.subjectGeneral Chemistry
dc.subjectEnvironmental Chemistry
dc.subjectBiochemistry
dc.subjectGeneral Chemical Engineering
dc.subjectPolymers and Plastics
dc.subjectMaterials Chemistry
dc.titleRemarkable enhancement of the stability against aging of nanocellulose films by the incorporation of boron compoundsen
dc.typejournal article
degois.publication.firstPage1
degois.publication.lastPage12
degois.publication.titleReactive and Functional Polymers
degois.publication.volume228
dspace.entity.typePublication
rcaap.rightsopenAccess

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