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Have immigrant children been left behind in COVID-19 testing rates? – A quantitative study in the Lisbon metropolitan area between march 2020 and may 2023

2024Artigo científico Acesso aberto
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dc.contributor.authorAlves, Iolanda B.
dc.contributor.authorPanunzi, Silvia
dc.contributor.authorSilva, António C.
dc.contributor.authorLoesch, Regina B. R.
dc.contributor.authorPereira, Sofia C. R.
dc.contributor.authorMartins, M. Rosário O.
dc.contributor.institutionPopulation health, policies and services (PPS)
dc.contributor.institutionGlobal Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM)
dc.contributor.institutionInstituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT)
dc.contributor.pblFrontiers Media
dc.date.accessioned2024-10-07T22:26:04Z
dc.date.available2024-10-07T22:26:04Z
dc.date.issued2024
dc.descriptionFunding Information: The authors acknowledge the support from the Executives Directorates and the Clinical and Health Councils of the Health Center Groups (ACES) of Amadora and Arco Ribeirinho, the Directorate-General of Health, as well as the parents/caregivers of the participating children for their collaboration. This work was only possible with the involvement and dedication of all partners. Funding Information: The authors of this article received financial support for their research, authorship, and publication. The Asylum, Integration, and Migration Fund (AMIF) provided funding for the project through grants PT/2018/FAMI/350 and PT/2021/699. The National Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) granted funding through RESEARCH4COVID19–065 and PTDC/SAU-SER/4664/2020. The project received support from the Multiannual Financial Framework 2014/20 and the Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM) unit with the identifier UID/04413/2020. Additionally, the authors acknowledge the FCT for providing funds through GHTM – UID/04413/2020 and LA-REAL – LA/P/0117/2020. Publisher Copyright: Copyright © 2024 Alves, Panunzi, Silva, Loesch, Pereira and Martins.
dc.description.abstractImmigrant children often encounter additional barriers in accessing health care than their peers. However, there is a lack of evidence globally regarding how migrant status may have affected access to COVID-19 testing during the pandemic. This study aimed to analyze migrant status as a determinant of COVID-19 testing rates among children in the Lisbon metropolitan area, Portugal. This cross-sequential study included 722 children aged 2–8 years (47% non-immigrants; 53% immigrants). We collected data from a national surveillance system on laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 tests conducted between March 2020 and May 2023 and assessed whether children were ever tested for COVID-19 and testing frequency. We employed robust and standard Poisson regression models to estimate Adjusted Prevalence Ratios and Relative Risks with 95% confidence intervals. A total of 637 tests were performed. Immigrant children had lower testing rates (53% vs. 48%) and fewer tests per child (median: 2 vs. 3). Moreover, they were 17% less likely to be ever tested (PR = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.76–0.89) and performed 26% fewer tests (RR = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.67–0.82) compared to non-immigrant children. Caregiver’s age, education, employment status, child’s birth weight, and perceived health status were associated factors. Our findings suggest that the COVID-19 pandemic has left immigrant children somewhat behind. We conclude that specific interventions targeting vulnerable populations, such as immigrant children, are needed in future health crises.en
dc.description.versionpublishersversion
dc.description.versionpublished
dc.format.extent1028716
dc.identifier.doi10.3389/fpubh.2024.1286829
dc.identifier.issn2296-2565
dc.identifier.otherPURE: 100811345
dc.identifier.otherPURE UUID: 426b7bff-fc11-4851-8786-8902b132e320
dc.identifier.otherScopus: 85188535673
dc.identifier.otherWOS: 001190362800001
dc.identifier.otherPubMed: 38532979
dc.identifier.otherPubMedCentral: PMC10963449
dc.identifier.otherORCID: /0000-0002-7941-0285/work/169106434
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10362/173138
dc.identifier.urlhttps://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85188535673
dc.language.isoeng
dc.peerreviewedyes
dc.subjectaccess to health care
dc.subjectCOVID-19 pandemic
dc.subjectCOVID-19 testing rates
dc.subjectimmigrant children
dc.subjectsocial inequalities
dc.subjecttesting for SARS-COV-2
dc.subjectvulnerable population
dc.subjectPublic Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
dc.subjectSDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being
dc.titleHave immigrant children been left behind in COVID-19 testing rates? – A quantitative study in the Lisbon metropolitan area between march 2020 and may 2023en
dc.typejournal article
degois.publication.titleFrontiers in public health
degois.publication.volume12
dspace.entity.typePublication
rcaap.rightsopenAccess

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