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Surface Morphology and Electrochemical Behavior of Microstructured Cu Electrodes in All-Solid-State Sodium Batteries

2025-08-25Artigo científico Acesso aberto
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dc.contributor.authorPrior, Tomás
dc.contributor.authorFigueira, Joana
dc.contributor.authorFreitas, Ângela
dc.contributor.authorCarvalho, David
dc.contributor.authorGomes, Beatriz Moura
dc.contributor.authorBaptista, Manuela C.
dc.contributor.authorLebre, Hugo
dc.contributor.authorMartins, Rodrigo
dc.contributor.authorPereira, Luís
dc.contributor.authorPinto, Joana Vaz
dc.contributor.authorBraga, M. Helena
dc.contributor.institutionDCM - Departamento de Ciência dos Materiais
dc.contributor.institutionCENIMAT-i3N - Centro de Investigação de Materiais (Lab. Associado I3N)
dc.contributor.institutionUNINOVA-Instituto de Desenvolvimento de Novas Tecnologias
dc.contributor.pblMDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
dc.date.accessioned2025-11-04T21:48:15Z
dc.date.available2025-11-04T21:48:15Z
dc.date.issued2025-08-25
dc.descriptionFunding Information: This research was funded by Agenda “NGS—New Generation Storage”, ref. no. C644936001-00000045, investment project no. 58, under the Incentive System “Agendas for Business Innovation”, funded by the PRR—Recovery and Resilience Plan and the European Union’s NextGenerationEU funds. However, the views and opinions expressed herein are solely those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views and opinions of the European Union or the European Commission. Neither the European Union nor the European Commission can be held responsible for them. This work also benefited from FCT UIDP/50022/2020 Emerging Technologies–LAETA. Publisher Copyright: © 2025 by the authors.
dc.description.abstractThe integration of microstructured current collectors offers a potential pathway to enhance interface properties in solid-state battery architectures. In this work, we investigate the influence of surface morphology on the electrochemical performance of Zn/Na2.99Ba0.005OCl/Cu electrodeless pouch cells by fabricating copper thin films on microstructured parylene-C substrates using a combination of colloidal lithography and reactive ion etching. O2 plasma etching times ranging from 0 to 15 min were used to tune the surface topography, resulting in a systematic increase in root-mean-square roughness and a surface area enhancement of up to ~30% for the longest etching duration, measured via AFM. Kelvin probe force microscopy-analyzed surface potential showed maximum differences of 270 mV between non-etched and 12-minute-etched Cu collectors. The results revealed that the chemical potential is the property that relates the surface of the Cu current collector/electrode with the cell’s ionic transport performance, including the bulk ionic conductivity, while four-point sheet resistance measurements confirmed that the copper layers’ resistivity maintained values close to those of bulk copper (1.96–4.5 µΩ.cm), which are in agreement with electronic mobilities (−6 and −18 cm2V−1s−1). Conversely, the charge carrier concentrations (−1.6 to −2.6 × 1023 cm−3) are indirectly correlated with the performance of the cell, with the samples with lower CCCbulk (fewer free electrons) performing better and showing higher maximum discharge currents, interfacial capacitance, and first-cycle discharge plateau voltage and capacity. The data were further consolidated with Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy analyses. These results highlight that the correlation between the surface morphology and the cell is not straightforward, with the microstructured current collectors’ surface chemical potential and the charge carriers’ concentration being determinant in the performance of all-solid-state electrodeless sodium battery systems.en
dc.description.versionpublishersversion
dc.description.versionpublished
dc.format.extent37
dc.format.extent37251956
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/molecules30173493
dc.identifier.issn1420-3049
dc.identifier.otherPURE: 134816304
dc.identifier.otherPURE UUID: c35d9434-7799-4cc5-86d7-5767d070d944
dc.identifier.otherScopus: 105015599371
dc.identifier.otherPubMed: 40942021
dc.identifier.otherWOS: 001581020100001
dc.identifier.otherPubMedCentral: PMC12430495
dc.identifier.otherORCID: /0000-0003-0847-7711/work/196062877
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10362/190111
dc.identifier.urlhttps://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105015599371
dc.identifier.urlhttps://www.webofscience.com/wos/woscc/full-record/WOS:001581020100001
dc.language.isoeng
dc.peerreviewedyes
dc.relationinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/Concurso de avaliação no âmbito do Programa Plurianual de Financiamento de Unidades de I&D (2017%2F2018) - Financiamento Programático/UIDP%2F50022%2F2020/PT
dc.subjectAll-solid-state batteries
dc.subjectAtomic force microscopy
dc.subjectColloidal lithography
dc.subjectCopper thin films
dc.subjectElectrochemical impedance spectroscopy
dc.subjectInterface engineering
dc.subjectMicrostructured current collectors
dc.subjectSodium-ion batteries
dc.subjectAnalytical Chemistry
dc.subjectChemistry (miscellaneous)
dc.subjectMolecular Medicine
dc.subjectPharmaceutical Science
dc.subjectDrug Discovery
dc.subjectPhysical and Theoretical Chemistry
dc.subjectOrganic Chemistry
dc.titleSurface Morphology and Electrochemical Behavior of Microstructured Cu Electrodes in All-Solid-State Sodium Batteriesen
dc.typejournal article
degois.publication.firstPage1
degois.publication.issue17
degois.publication.lastPage37
degois.publication.titleMolecules
degois.publication.volume30
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.awardNumberUIDP/50022/2020
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/Concurso de avaliação no âmbito do Programa Plurianual de Financiamento de Unidades de I&D (2017%2F2018) - Financiamento Programático/UIDP%2F50022%2F2020/PT
oaire.fundingStreamConcurso de avaliação no âmbito do Programa Plurianual de Financiamento de Unidades de I&D (2017/2018) - Financiamento Programático
project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
rcaap.rightsopenAccess
relation.isProjectOfPublicatione4c0c65f-8349-4437-bd2f-ac4b0e0c75d0
relation.isProjectOfPublication.latestForDiscoverye4c0c65f-8349-4437-bd2f-ac4b0e0c75d0

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