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Metabolomics and proteomics insights into hepatic responses of weaned piglets to dietary Spirulina inclusion and lysozyme supplementation

2024-12Artigo científico Acesso aberto
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dc.contributor.authorMartins, Cátia Falcão
dc.contributor.authorMatzapetakis, Manolis
dc.contributor.authorRibeiro, David M.
dc.contributor.authorKuleš, Josipa
dc.contributor.authorHorvatić, Anita
dc.contributor.authorGuillemin, Nicholas
dc.contributor.authorEckersall, Peter David
dc.contributor.authorFreire, João P.B.
dc.contributor.authorAlmeida, André M.
dc.contributor.authorPrates, José A.M.
dc.contributor.institutionInstituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier (ITQB)
dc.contributor.pblBioMed Central (BMC)
dc.date.accessioned2025-05-07T21:23:07Z
dc.date.available2025-05-07T21:23:07Z
dc.date.issued2024-12
dc.descriptionFunding Information: This work was funded by Funda\u00E7\u00E3o para a Ci\u00EAncia e a Tecnologia (FCT, Lisbon, Portugal), through grants: PTDC/CVT-NUT/5931/2014; UIDB/00276/2020 (CIISA); LA/P/0059/2020 (AL4AnimalS); UIDB/04129/2020 (LEAF), and European Commission (FP7 \u201CVetMedZg\u201D Project, grant number 621394). Portugal 2020 grant (08/SI/3399/2015) is also acknowledged, Author DMR acknowledges a PhD fellowship (SFRH/BD/143992/2019) also from the FCT. Publisher Copyright: © The Author(s) 2024.
dc.description.abstractBackground: Studying the effect of dietary Spirulina and lysozyme supplementation on the metabolome and proteome of liver tissue contributes to understanding potential hepatic adaptations of piglets to these novel diets. This study aimed to understand the influence of including 10% Spirulina on the metabolome and proteome of piglet liver tissue. Three groups of 10 post-weaned piglets, housed in pairs, were fed for 28 days with one of three experimental diets: a cereal and soybean meal-based diet (Control), a base diet with 10% Spirulina (SP), and an SP diet supplemented with 0.01% lysozyme (SP + L). At the end of the trial, animals were sacrificed and liver tissue was collected. Metabolomics analysis (n = 10) was performed using NMR data analysed with PCA and PLS-DA. Proteomics analysis (n = 5) was conducted using a filter aided sample preparation (FASP) protocol and Tandem Mass Tag (TMT)-based quantitative approach with an Orbitrap mass spectrometer. Results: Growth performance showed an average daily gain reduction of 9.5% and a feed conversion ratio increase of 10.6% in groups fed Spirulina compared to the control group. Metabolomic analysis revealed no significant differences among the groups and identified 60 metabolites in the liver tissue. Proteomics analysis identified 2,560 proteins, with 132, 11, and 52 differentially expressed in the Control vs. SP, Control vs. SP + L and SP vs. SP + L comparisons, respectively. This study demonstrated that Spirulina enhances liver energy conversion efficiency, detoxification and cellular secretion. It improves hepatic metabolic efficiency through alterations in fatty acid oxidation (e.g., upregulation of enzymes like fatty acid synthase and increased acetyl-CoA levels), carbohydrate catabolism (e.g., increased glucose and glucose-6-phosphate), pyruvate metabolism (e.g., higher levels of pyruvate and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase), and cellular defence mechanisms (e.g., upregulation of glutathione and metallothionein). Lysozyme supplementation mitigates some adverse effects of Spirulina, bringing physiological responses closer to control levels. This includes fewer differentially expressed proteins and improved dry matter, organic matter and energy digestibility. Lysozyme also enhances coenzyme availability, skeletal myofibril assembly, actin-mediated cell contraction, tissue regeneration and development through mesenchymal migration and nucleic acid synthesis pathways. Conclusions: While Spirulina inclusion had some adverse effects on growth performance, it also enhanced hepatic metabolic efficiency by improving fatty acid oxidation, carbohydrate catabolism and cellular defence mechanisms. The addition of lysozyme further improved these benefits by reducing some of the negative impacts on growth and enhancing nutrient digestibility, tissue regeneration, and overall metabolic balance. Together, Spirulina and lysozyme demonstrate potential as functional dietary components, but further optimization is needed to fully realize their benefits without compromising growth performance.en
dc.description.versionpublishersversion
dc.description.versionpublished
dc.format.extent4125507
dc.identifier.doi10.1186/s12917-024-04339-7
dc.identifier.issn1746-6148
dc.identifier.otherPURE: 110657720
dc.identifier.otherPURE UUID: d24e10ae-eab1-45a0-b6f1-9f8bee282225
dc.identifier.otherScopus: 85208689357
dc.identifier.otherPubMed: 39506864
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10362/182770
dc.identifier.urlhttps://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85208689357
dc.language.isoeng
dc.peerreviewedyes
dc.subjectCarbohydrase
dc.subjectLiver metabolome
dc.subjectLiver proteome
dc.subjectLysozyme
dc.subjectPiglets
dc.subjectSpirulina
dc.subjectGeneral Veterinary
dc.titleMetabolomics and proteomics insights into hepatic responses of weaned piglets to dietary Spirulina inclusion and lysozyme supplementationen
dc.typejournal article
degois.publication.issue1
degois.publication.titleBMC Veterinary Research
degois.publication.volume20
dspace.entity.typePublication
rcaap.rightsopenAccess

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