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Resumo(s)
This study provides useful insight into the current state and recent developments in blue (marine) biotechnology education (BBE) in Europe. A questionnaire assessing awareness and interest in blue biotechnology (BB) was conducted among students in their final year of upper secondary school in a selection of European countries. Results demonstrate that there are great regional differences in students’ recognition of BB; recognition of BB is relatively poor (though biotechnology knowledge is relatively good). This illustrates the lack of early education and ocean literacy. The interest in BB studies varied by country. Non-formal science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) activities, especially visits to research institutes and private businesses, help raise awareness. The review of education programs conducted in this study revealed that only a small number of programs are dedicated to BB and that it is not well integrated into existing curricula. Early ocean literacy, lifelong learning opportunities, and the inclusion of entrepreneurship and interdisciplinary skills in education are essential for developing a workforce capable of driving the future of the blue bioeconomy within the broader objectives of the EU Blue Economy Strategy and European Union (EU) Bioeconomy Strategy. To advance BBE, we propose the following recommendations: 1) incorporate and increase ocean literacy and BBE at the primary and secondary school levels; 2) support lifelong learning and adaptation to emerging technologies; 3) build collaborative ocean education networks; 4) bridge education communities, research and industry; 5) encourage entrepreneurship; 6) harmonise postgraduate BB programs; 7) establish joint European MSc and PhD degrees; and 8) align funding and BBE activities with national and regional gross domestic product (GDP) contributions for the BB sector.
Descrição
The author(s) declared that financial support was received for this work and/or its publication. Research is based upon collaborative work from COST Action CA18238 (Ocean4Biotech), supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology) and Ocean4Biotech, the professional association of marine biotechnologists. The open access publication of this manuscript and the involvement of MK and DO were supported by the project S-A-UEI-23-9, funded by the Lithuanian Science Council (LMT) and the Ministry of Education, Science, and Sports of the Republic of Lithuania. For LLB, the publication is part of a project that has received funding from the ENABLE BiH programme, organised by Save the Children and funded by USAID, under cooperative Agreement No AID-168-16-000001. LLB also acknowledge the financial assistance of the Canton Sarajevo Ministry for Science, Higher Education and Youth [Project No. 27-02—35-33087-6/24] and Interreg Euro-MED Programme, co-funded by the European Union [Euro-MED
0300730 – Community4Nature – C4N]. AR acknowledges the financial support of the Slovenian Research and Innovation Agency (research core funding No. P4-0432, and project L4–4564 and No. 1000-25-8869), the project WINBLUE, which received funding from the EMFAF programme under grant agreement number 101112278, Interreg MED Programme, co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund (Project No. 8MED20_4.1_SP_001, internal ref. 8MED20_4.1_SP_001)—B-Blue project. Interreg Euro-MED
Programme, co-funded by the European Union (Project No. Euro-MED 0200514) – 2B-BLUE project. XT were funded by the Horizon Europe funding programme through the project GeneBEcon “Capturing the potential of Gene editing for a sustainable BioEconomy”, Grant Agreement No. 101061015.
Publisher Copyright:
Copyright © 2026 Kataržytė, Toruńska-Sitarz, Overlingė, Lukić Bilela, Gaudêncio, Nika, Rotter, Theodotou Schneider, Chirivella, Matijošytė, Grundmane, Kalamujić Stroil and Bordenave-Juchereau.
Palavras-chave
blue bioeconomy blue biotechnology education entrepreneurship interdisciplinary skills lifelong learning ocean literacy STEM education Oceanography Global and Planetary Change Aquatic Science Water Science and Technology Environmental Science (miscellaneous) Ocean Engineering SDG 14 - Life Below Water