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Genetic and Environmental Factors Shaping Hearing Loss

2026-02Recensão Acesso aberto
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dc.contributor.authorEsteves, Francisco
dc.contributor.authorCaria, Helena
dc.contributor.institutionNOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (NMS|FCM)
dc.contributor.institutionComprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC) - pólo NMS
dc.contributor.pblMDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
dc.date.accessioned2026-03-13T17:38:01Z
dc.date.available2026-03-13T17:38:01Z
dc.date.issued2026-02
dc.descriptionPublisher Copyright: © 2026 by the authors.
dc.description.abstractThe central mechanistic hypothesis underlying multifactorial hearing loss posits that genetic susceptibility and environmental exposures act synergistically to disrupt cochlear homeostasis through redox imbalance, mitochondrial dysfunction, and pro-inflammatory mechanisms. This gene–environment paradigm has significant translational implications: elucidating the molecular crosstalk between genetic variants and environmental factors may enable precision risk stratification and the development of targeted otoprotective strategies. The present review provides a comprehensive examination of the major determinants implicated in hearing loss. The manuscript is organized into six main sections that encompass the most relevant domains of current research. First, it offers (I) an overview of epidemiological patterns and the multifactorial nature of hearing impairment. This is followed by (II) a background synthesis of the complex genetic architecture underlying hearing loss. Next, the authors present (III) an outline of environmental determinants and exposure profiles associated with auditory dysfunction, highlighting prominent pollutant/xenobiotic classes (e.g., organic solvents and volatile aromatic hydrocarbons, heavy metals, pesticides, and especially organophosphates and persistent organochlorine compounds), followed by (IV) an analysis of oxidative stress, mitochondrial impairment, and inflammatory pathways involved in cochlear injury. Subsequently, (V) translational perspectives and integrated therapeutic approaches are discussed, with emphasis on epidemiological prevention and precision-based interventions. Finally, (VI) this review addresses current challenges and future directions in elucidating gene–environment interactions in hearing loss.en
dc.description.versionpublishersversion
dc.description.versionpublished
dc.format.extent1399545
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/jox16010027
dc.identifier.issn2039-4705
dc.identifier.otherPURE: 156249666
dc.identifier.otherPURE UUID: 5b467026-d714-4cbe-85e3-87bc0448cf35
dc.identifier.otherScopus: 105031412070
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10362/201410
dc.identifier.urlhttps://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105031412070
dc.language.isoeng
dc.peerreviewedyes
dc.subjectcochlear degeneration
dc.subjectdeafness associated genes
dc.subjectenvironmental pollutants
dc.subjectgene-environment interactions
dc.subjectgenetic susceptibility
dc.subjecthearing loss
dc.subjectoxidative stress
dc.subjectToxicology
dc.subjectPharmacology
dc.subjectPollution
dc.titleGenetic and Environmental Factors Shaping Hearing Lossen
dc.title.subtitleXenobiotics, Mechanisms and Translational Perspectivesen
dc.typereview
degois.publication.issue1
degois.publication.titleJournal of Xenobiotics
degois.publication.volume16
dspace.entity.typePublication
rcaap.rightsopenAccess

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