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Multidecadal water quality trends across 15 European river basins along a Mediterranean climate gradient

2025-10-10Artigo científico Acesso aberto
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dc.contributor.authorCosta, Diogo
dc.contributor.authorLiu, Jian
dc.contributor.authorPalma, Patricia
dc.contributor.institutionGeoBioTec - Geobiociências, Geoengenharias e Geotecnologias
dc.contributor.pblElsevier
dc.date.accessioned2025-09-01T22:11:05Z
dc.date.available2025-09-01T22:11:05Z
dc.date.issued2025-10-10
dc.descriptionFunding Information: This work is funded by National Funds through FCT – Foundation for Science and Technology under the Projects UIDB/05183 and Water4All/003/2023 It was supported by the research centers MED (Instituto Mediterrâneo para a Agricultura, Ambiente e Desenvolvimento, Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development) and CREATE (Centre for Sci-Tech Research in Earth Systems and Energy) at the University of Évora. The authors would like to acknowledge also the support of CHANGE (Instituto para as Alterações Globais e Sustentabilidade, Global Change & Sustainability Institute). Publisher Copyright: © 2025 The Author(s)
dc.description.abstractWater quality degradation is a major issue in Mediterranean regions, but identifying the key natural and human drivers remains challenging, requiring large–scale studies for meaningful synthesis and comparison. This study analyzed a vast Mediterranean dataset spanning 89,015 km2 across 15 Iberian river basins along a climate gradient (cooler-wetter north to warmer-drier south), 3 decades, 3441 stations, 19 parameters, and ∼15 million observations. It is the first study of this scale in the region, utilizing custom scripts for automated data compilation and processing. The study revealed an evident north–to–south water quality decline, with rising electric conductivity, pH, total suspended solids, nitrogen, phosphorus, organic carbon, and sulphate, alongside reduced dissolved oxygen and transparency. This pattern correlated with the latitudinal climate gradient and intensified agriculture in the south (Pearson correlation coefficient: 0.1 to 0.53; Spearman's rank correlation coefficient: 0.17 to 0.56), while increased forest cover had a mitigating effect (Pearson: −0.50 to −0.07; Spearman: −0.51 to −0.10). Multidecadal trend analysis revealed a shift around 2005 with most parameters decreasing, except for nitrate and phosphate, which rose likely due to the 2004/05 drought reducing river dilution and expanded irrigated agriculture, especially in Alentejo with the Alqueva reservoir. These findings are crucial for guiding future national management actions and pollution reduction initiatives in Mediterranean regions, aligning with the European Commission's “European Green Deal” that targets a 50 % reduction in nutrient losses to make agriculture more environmentally sustainable, and also provide a valuable reference to many other regions with similar challenges for water quality management.en
dc.description.versionpublishersversion
dc.description.versionpublished
dc.format.extent16
dc.format.extent18189671
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.180230
dc.identifier.issn0048-9697
dc.identifier.otherPURE: 128444337
dc.identifier.otherPURE UUID: 2440c5db-34bc-472b-b43a-fe1f9f61e543
dc.identifier.otherScopus: 105013566794
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10362/187360
dc.identifier.urlhttps://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105013566794
dc.language.isoeng
dc.peerreviewedyes
dc.relationinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/UIDB%2F05183%2F2020/PT
dc.relationMediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development
dc.subjectHistorical monitoring
dc.subjectMediterranean regions
dc.subjectWater quality
dc.subjectWatersheds
dc.subjectEnvironmental Engineering
dc.subjectEnvironmental Chemistry
dc.subjectWaste Management and Disposal
dc.subjectPollution
dc.subjectSDG 13 - Climate Action
dc.titleMultidecadal water quality trends across 15 European river basins along a Mediterranean climate gradienten
dc.typejournal article
degois.publication.firstPage1
degois.publication.lastPage16
degois.publication.titleScience of the Total Environment
degois.publication.volume998
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.awardNumberUIDB/05183/2020
oaire.awardTitleMediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/UIDB%2F05183%2F2020/PT
oaire.fundingStream6817 - DCRRNI ID
project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
rcaap.rightsopenAccess
relation.isProjectOfPublication5f476838-e581-46a9-a9ff-9866481aca74
relation.isProjectOfPublication.latestForDiscovery5f476838-e581-46a9-a9ff-9866481aca74

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