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Suplementação vitamínica e mineral no primeiro quadrimestre de vida
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RESUMO - Sabendo-se que o lactente normal e saudável necessita
apenas de suplementos de flúor em gotas e, eventualmente,
de vitamina D quando alimentado exclusivamente ao peito,
pretendia-se saber até que ponto estes dados cientificamente
reconhecidos são aceites por profissionais de saúde
(médicos, enfermeiros) e mães e traduzidos no primeiro
quadrimestre de vida do lactente da região do Baixo Mondego.
Foi delineada uma investigação descritiva, com um desenho
longitudinal, com duas vertentes: uma que consta de um
inquérito de opinião a médicos, enfermeiros e mães de lactentes
com menos de um mês de vida sobre a suplementação
vitamínica e mineral e outra de um formulário a aplicar
a estas mães na primeira consulta do lactente no centro
de saúde (diagnóstico precoce) e aquando da vacinação dos
2 e 4 meses, visando a caracterização da realidade prática
da suplementação.
O estudo decorreu em 12 centros de saúde e dos resultados
regista-se que a suplementação dos lactentes reflecte as
opiniões dos inquiridos, sendo poucos os que reconhecem
as recomendações vigentes no país, excepto para a suplementação
com ferro. As crenças das mães sobre os benefícios
da suplementação espelham a imagem de um bebé
ideal (bem nutrido, rosado, grande, com dentes fortes, inteligente
e saudável). Provavelmente por isso, cerca de um
quinto das mães dão doses de vitaminas acima do recomendado.
A classe médica mostrou-se preponderante na iniciativa
da suplementação. Tanto os clínicos gerais como os
pediatras suplementam de igual modo, embora os últimos
sejam mais resistentes à suplementação da vitamina C. Os
gastos calculados para a suplementação, eventualmente
desnecessária, seriam mais do que suficientes para a suplementação
de todos os lactentes, segundo as recomendações
vigentes no País.
ABSTRACT - Knowing that a normal and healthy breastfed infant only needs fluoride supplements in drops and eventually vitamin D, we would like to know how these proved scientific facts are known and accepted by health professionals and by the mothers and what happens in practice in the first fourth months of infants life. With the objective of collecting information about what happens in reality, we made a descriptive research, with a longitudinal configuration focused in two aspects: one is a survey applied to health professionals and newborn infant mother’s wondering about vitamin and mineral supplementation and the other is a survey applied to mothers when they go to the doctor at the health centre for the first time and when they go to the health centre for the vaccination of the 2 and the 4 months. The research took place in twelve health centres and the results show that the supplementation of the infant with less than four months is coincident with the opinion of the people who answered the survey, being few the ones who know the government regulations, with the exception of the iron supplementation. The mother’s thoughts about the advantages of supplementation show a ideal infant image (well fed, big, with strong teeth, intelligent and healthy). Probably because of this, 1/5 of the mothers give their children a quantity which is above the recommended. Almost every time the supplementation is started by doctors advice. Both doctors and paediatrics share the same concepts about supplementation, although the last ones don’t advice vitamin C as much as the first. Expenses with unnecessary supplementation on infants would be more than enough to cover the supplementation of all children according to government regulations.
ABSTRACT - Knowing that a normal and healthy breastfed infant only needs fluoride supplements in drops and eventually vitamin D, we would like to know how these proved scientific facts are known and accepted by health professionals and by the mothers and what happens in practice in the first fourth months of infants life. With the objective of collecting information about what happens in reality, we made a descriptive research, with a longitudinal configuration focused in two aspects: one is a survey applied to health professionals and newborn infant mother’s wondering about vitamin and mineral supplementation and the other is a survey applied to mothers when they go to the doctor at the health centre for the first time and when they go to the health centre for the vaccination of the 2 and the 4 months. The research took place in twelve health centres and the results show that the supplementation of the infant with less than four months is coincident with the opinion of the people who answered the survey, being few the ones who know the government regulations, with the exception of the iron supplementation. The mother’s thoughts about the advantages of supplementation show a ideal infant image (well fed, big, with strong teeth, intelligent and healthy). Probably because of this, 1/5 of the mothers give their children a quantity which is above the recommended. Almost every time the supplementation is started by doctors advice. Both doctors and paediatrics share the same concepts about supplementation, although the last ones don’t advice vitamin C as much as the first. Expenses with unnecessary supplementation on infants would be more than enough to cover the supplementation of all children according to government regulations.
Descrição
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Contexto Educativo
Citação
Batalha, Luís Manuel Cunha - Suplementação vitamínica e mineral no primeiro quadrimestre de vida = Vitamin and mineral supplementation during the first four months of life. Revista Portuguesa de Saúde Pública. ISSN 0870-9025. Vol. 20, Nº 2 (Julho/Dezembro 2002), p. 63-70
Editora
Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública