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Evidence of Spillover and Recombination Between Domestic Pigs and Wild Boars Provides New Insights into Porcine Circoviruses

2025-12-13Artigo científico Acesso aberto
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dc.contributor.authorAlmeida, Bernardo
dc.contributor.authorDuarte, Margarida D.
dc.contributor.authorDuarte, Ana
dc.contributor.authorBarros, Sílvia C.
dc.contributor.authorSantos, Fábio Abade do
dc.contributor.authorHenriques, Ana Margarida
dc.contributor.institutionDCV - Departamento de Ciências da Vida
dc.contributor.pblMDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
dc.date.accessioned2026-02-12T11:15:01Z
dc.date.available2026-02-12T11:15:01Z
dc.date.issued2025-12-13
dc.descriptionPublisher Copyright: © 2025 by the authors.
dc.description.abstractPorcine circovirus types 2 (PCV2) and 3 (PCV3) are major pathogens affecting swine health and productivity, yet important gaps remain in understanding their evolution and circulation in Europe, particularly within wild boar populations that may serve as reservoirs. This study examined the genetic diversity and evolutionary dynamics of PCV2 and PCV3 in Portugal, drawing on viral genomes obtained from domestic pigs and wild boars to explore transmission patterns, spillover events and the contribution of recombination to viral emergence. We identified two PCV2 genotypes (PCV2a and PCV2d) and two PCV3 genotypes (PCV3-2a and PCV3-3g) circulating in Portuguese swine. Phylogeographic reconstruction revealed multiple introductions of both PCV2 and PCV3 from China into Europe, followed by regional diversification and subsequent spread within European wild boar populations. Evidence of bidirectional viral exchange between domestic pigs and wild boars was also observed. Recombination played a notable role in PCV2 evolution, with consistent signals detected among PCV2a sequences and indications that the PCV2h genotype likely originated from a recombinant event involving a Portuguese PCV2a strain and a Chinese PCV2d strain. By contrast, no recombination was detected in PCV3, suggesting that its evolution is primarily mutation-driven. Overall, these findings highlight the complex evolutionary history of swine circoviruses in Europe and underscore the importance of continuous genomic surveillance in both domestic and wild hosts. The study reinforces the value of a One Health approach for monitoring and controlling emerging circoviruses with implications for animal health and livestock production.en
dc.description.versionpublishersversion
dc.description.versionpublished
dc.format.extent16
dc.format.extent19010318
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/pathogens14121283
dc.identifier.issn2076-0817
dc.identifier.otherPURE: 152910203
dc.identifier.otherPURE UUID: ccf26d17-7b84-4148-b851-8ca31f1c70d1
dc.identifier.otherScopus: 105025752868
dc.identifier.otherWOS: 001646475300001
dc.identifier.otherPubMed: 41471238
dc.identifier.otherPubMedCentral: PMC12735692
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10362/200317
dc.identifier.urlhttps://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105025752868
dc.identifier.urlhttps://www.webofscience.com/wos/woscc/full-record/WOS:001646475300001
dc.language.isoeng
dc.peerreviewedyes
dc.subjectOne Health
dc.subjectPhylogenetic analysis
dc.subjectPhylogeography
dc.subjectRecombination
dc.subjectTransmission pathways
dc.subjectImmunology and Allergy
dc.subjectMolecular Biology
dc.subjectGeneral Immunology and Microbiology
dc.subjectMicrobiology (medical)
dc.subjectInfectious Diseases
dc.subjectSDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being
dc.titleEvidence of Spillover and Recombination Between Domestic Pigs and Wild Boars Provides New Insights into Porcine Circovirusesen
dc.typejournal article
degois.publication.firstPage1
degois.publication.issue12
degois.publication.lastPage16
degois.publication.titlePathogens
degois.publication.volume14
dspace.entity.typePublication
rcaap.rightsopenAccess

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