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Energy flexibility at multi-building scales

2025-11-01Artigo científico Acesso aberto
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dc.contributor.authorDawes, George
dc.contributor.authorKirant-Mitić, Tuğçin
dc.contributor.authorJiang, Zixin
dc.contributor.authorDréau, Jérôme Le
dc.contributor.authorCai, Hanmin
dc.contributor.authorCui, Jiyuan
dc.contributor.authorTownsend, Jordan
dc.contributor.authorBampoulas, Adamantios
dc.contributor.authorLi, Rongling
dc.contributor.authorLopes, Rui Amaral
dc.contributor.authorDong, Bing
dc.contributor.institutionDEE - Departamento de Engenharia Electrotécnica e de Computadores
dc.contributor.institutionCTS - Centro de Tecnologia e Sistemas
dc.contributor.institutionUNINOVA-Instituto de Desenvolvimento de Novas Tecnologias
dc.contributor.pblElsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam.
dc.date.accessioned2025-08-22T21:33:32Z
dc.date.available2025-08-22T21:33:32Z
dc.date.issued2025-11-01
dc.description© 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
dc.description.abstractEnergy flexibility from buildings is a key enabler of the flexible energy system required to integrate intermittent renewable energy sources. This systematic literature review investigates the factors influencing energy flexibility from the built environment and the uncertainties associated with its exploitation. It employed a structured methodology using over 140 relevant studies to identify and categorise the sources of uncertainty into aleatory and epistemic sources. Stochastic elements, like weather and occupant behaviour, introduce aleatory uncertainty which challenges prediction capabilities. This can be managed through probabilistic modelling and adaptive controls. Epistemic uncertainty, driven by incomplete data, lack of knowledge and modelling assumptions, remains a barrier to accurate forecasting. The identified dominant factors were determined iteratively and comprise occupant behaviour, building characteristics, energy systems and controls, and externalities. A framework was proposed in which uncertainties arising from the dominant factors can be categorised and mitigated for different stakeholders. Uncertainty can propagate through systems and controls, causing poor realisation of building energy flexibility. This can be managed via implementation of robust optimisation methods and real-time (15 min or shorter) data integration. Externalities such as market volatility and complex policy frameworks also pose risks to the economic viability of flexibility services. This review emphasises the need for improved data collection and advanced control as methods to mitigate uncertainty in flexibility quantification. Additionally, it highlights the critical role of diversity in mitigating uncertainty, and the importance of increasing building populations (i.e., 100 or more domestic dwellings) to enable scalable flexibility solutions.en
dc.description.versionpublishersversion
dc.description.versionpublished
dc.format.extent14
dc.format.extent4867932
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.116157
dc.identifier.issn0378-7788
dc.identifier.otherPURE: 122007407
dc.identifier.otherPURE UUID: 03fa1c3a-5b29-42a6-aa1e-5e1eaca29f60
dc.identifier.otherORCID: /0000-0002-6953-1403/work/188001697
dc.identifier.otherScopus: 105010851299
dc.identifier.otherWOS: 001550040100005
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10362/186771
dc.identifier.urlhttps://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105010851299
dc.identifier.urlhttps://www.webofscience.com/wos/woscc/full-record/WOS:001550040100005
dc.language.isoeng
dc.peerreviewedyes
dc.relationCentre of Technology and Systems
dc.subjectBuilding energy systems
dc.subjectBuilding-grid interaction
dc.subjectDominant factors
dc.subjectEnergy flexibility
dc.subjectUncertainty mitigation
dc.titleEnergy flexibility at multi-building scalesen
dc.title.subtitleA review of the dominant factors and their uncertaintiesen
dc.typejournal article
degois.publication.firstPage1
degois.publication.lastPage14
degois.publication.titleEnergy and Buildings
degois.publication.volume346
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.awardNumberUIDB/00066/2020
oaire.awardTitleCentre of Technology and Systems
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/UIDB%2F00066%2F2020/PT
oaire.fundingStream6817 - DCRRNI ID
project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
rcaap.rightsopenAccess
relation.isProjectOfPublication779ae807-14a4-4e58-87e2-6dd81eb7a030
relation.isProjectOfPublication.latestForDiscovery779ae807-14a4-4e58-87e2-6dd81eb7a030

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