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Screen printing and in situ electropolymerization as a simple manufacturing method to produce long cycling lifetime electrochromic indicators

2025-07-10Artigo científico Acesso aberto
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dc.contributor.authorLeite, Fábio A.S.
dc.contributor.authorHoward, Elin L.
dc.contributor.authorPinheiro, Carlos
dc.contributor.authorParola, A. Jorge
dc.contributor.authorMaggini, Laura
dc.contributor.authorLaia, Cesar
dc.contributor.institutionDQ - Departamento de Química
dc.contributor.institutionLAQV@REQUIMTE
dc.contributor.pblIOP Publishing
dc.date.accessioned2025-08-28T22:41:58Z
dc.date.available2025-08-28T22:41:58Z
dc.date.issued2025-07-10
dc.descriptionFunding Information: The authors gratefully acknowledge HORIZON-2020-MSCA ITN (project CHARISMA, no. 814299), and HORIZON-2020-IA (project DecoChrom, no. 760973) funding schemes for the generous financial support. LM and FASL thank the University of Vienna and Professor Davide Bonifazi for access to instrumental equipment, facilities and laboratory space. This work also received financial support from PT national funds (FCT/MCTES, Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia and Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior) through the project UIDB/50006/2020 (LAQV-REQUIMTE). Publisher Copyright: © 2025 The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd.
dc.description.abstractSuccessful commercialization of electrochromic technologies into smart labels necessitates that they can be produced in high-volumes and at a low cost. Herein we present a simple method to produce poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) electrochromic indicators via screen printing and charge controlled in situ electropolymerization. This method reduces the number of printed layers, thus lowering the overall time and cost of production. The optical contrast and visual homogeneity of the indicators can be tuned by modifying the electropolymerization voltage and limiting the charge. Due to the opaque nature of the printed electrolyte, the switching speed can be increased, and the operating voltage can be lowered by electropolymerizing an electrochromic film onto the counter electrode to act as a charge storage material. The best performing indicators exhibit a contrast of 31.1%R (600 nm), with a 1 s switching speed. The CIELAB color co-ordinates of the indicators were measured over 100 k cycles. During this period, the indicators showed an overall increase in contrast. The long cycling lifetime of the indicators makes them promising candidates for applications where frequent switching is required.en
dc.description.versionpublishersversion
dc.description.versionpublished
dc.format.extent10
dc.format.extent2601698
dc.identifier.doi10.1088/2058-8585/adea87
dc.identifier.issn2058-8585
dc.identifier.otherPURE: 128095044
dc.identifier.otherPURE UUID: d89ed072-2a53-41ee-af4d-fdfa91c65823
dc.identifier.otherScopus: 105010698907
dc.identifier.otherWOS: 001525786300001
dc.identifier.otherORCID: /0000-0002-1333-9076/work/190737271
dc.identifier.otherORCID: /0000-0001-6410-6072/work/190739220
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10362/187130
dc.identifier.urlhttps://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105010698907
dc.identifier.urlhttps://www.webofscience.com/wos/woscc/full-record/WOS:001525786300001
dc.language.isoeng
dc.peerreviewedyes
dc.relationinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/760973/EU
dc.relationDecorative Applications for Self-Organized Molecular Electrochromic Systems
dc.subject3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene
dc.subjectElectrochromic display
dc.subjectIn situ electropolymerization
dc.subjectPrinted electrolyte
dc.subjectPrinted electronics
dc.subjectSmart label
dc.subjectElectronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
dc.subjectElectrical and Electronic Engineering
dc.titleScreen printing and in situ electropolymerization as a simple manufacturing method to produce long cycling lifetime electrochromic indicatorsen
dc.typejournal article
degois.publication.firstPage1
degois.publication.issue3
degois.publication.lastPage10
degois.publication.titleFlexible and Printed Electronics
degois.publication.volume10
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.awardNumber760973
oaire.awardNumberUIDB/50006/2020
oaire.awardTitleDecorative Applications for Self-Organized Molecular Electrochromic Systems
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/760973/EU
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/Concurso de avaliação no âmbito do Programa Plurianual de Financiamento de Unidades de I&D (2017%2F2018) - Financiamento Base/UIDB%2F50006%2F2020/PT
oaire.fundingStreamH2020
oaire.fundingStreamConcurso de avaliação no âmbito do Programa Plurianual de Financiamento de Unidades de I&D (2017/2018) - Financiamento Base
project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100008530
project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
project.funder.nameEuropean Commission
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
rcaap.rightsopenAccess
relation.isProjectOfPublicationb411de7a-53b7-420b-bbdd-eab9266d4677
relation.isProjectOfPublication186df1fb-72e1-4b5e-bb56-1760cf233cbe
relation.isProjectOfPublication.latestForDiscoveryb411de7a-53b7-420b-bbdd-eab9266d4677

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