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Caracterização da pessoa dependente no autocuidado : um estudo de base populacional num concelho do norte de Portugal
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RESUMO - Introdução: No mundo atual, face às alterações sociodemográficas, económicas e estruturais,
a dependência no autocuidado tem cada vez mais importância, sendo hoje uma enorme
preocupação das políticas de saúde e sociais a identificação das pessoas em situação de
dependência e a criação de respostas ajustadas às suas necessidades.
Objetivo: O presente estudo visa caracterizar as pessoas dependentes no autocuidado, integradas
em famílias clássicas num concelho do norte de Portugal.
Material e métodos: Num estudo de perfil quantitativo, exploratório, descritivo-correlacional
e recorrendo a uma técnica de amostragem probabilística, aleatória, estratificada e proporcional,
foram identificadas, numa abordagem do tipo
«porta a porta», 2.126 famílias clássicas
do concelho de Paços de Ferreira, das quais 248 integravam pessoas dependentes. Dessas,
241 famílias aceitaram participar na investigação. Como instrumentos de colheita de dados
foram usados os formulários intitulados:
«Famílias que integram Dependentes no Autocuidado».
Resultados: Os resultados mostraram que as pessoas dependentes eram maioritariamente
do sexo feminino e com um nível etário elevado. Relativamente ao grau de dependência
nos domínios de autocuidado, os que apresentavam maior percentagem de pessoas dependentes
que, no mínimo,
«necessitam de ajuda de pessoa»
foram, por ordem decrescente, os
autocuidados: tomar medicação, alimentar-se, arranjar-se, tomar banho, vestir-se e despir-se, usar
cadeira de rodas, uso do sanitário, andar, transferir-se, elevar-se e virar-se. No que diz respeito
ao grau de dependência, face ao domínio do autocuidado global, 7,9% das pessoas eram
totalmente dependentes, não participantes; 91,7% tinham necessidade de ajuda de pessoa
e 0,4% só necessitavam de equipamento.
Conclusão: Os resultados obtidos, para além de evidenciarem a necessidade de ajuda de
alguém para executar, pelo menos uma das atividades inerentes a cada domínio de autocuidado,
deixavam as pessoas dependentes propensas a um elevado risco de compromisso
dos processos corporais. Face ao exposto, urge conhecer esta realidade, sob o ponto de vista
epidemiológico, a fim de uma planificação de cuidados adequada às necessidades, que possa
conduzir a ganhos em saúde.
ABSTRACT - Introduction: In the world we live in today, as a result of the socio-demographic, economic and structural changes, dependency on self-care is becoming more and more important, and nowadays it is of great concern to the social health policies to identify the people in a dependency situation and to come up with solutions that are suitable to meet their needs. Objective: The aim of this study is to characterize and describe people dependent on selfcare, integrated within a traditional family, within a private household, in a specific region in Northern Portugal. Material and methods: In a study of a quantitative, exploratory and descriptive correlation nature, and using a random, stratified and proportional probabilistic sampling technique, 2126 classic families were identified in Pac¸os de Ferreira, in a “door-to-door” approach. 248 of them were found to have dependent members and 241 of these families accepted to take part in this research. Forms entitled “Families with Self-Care Dependent members” were used as instruments of data collection. Results: The results showed that the dependent people were mainly female and of a higher age group. As for the degree of dependency on self-care, it was shown that the higher percentage of dependent people who at least need someone’s help, mostly include those who can take care of themselves: take their own medicine, feed themselves, get ready, bath or shower, get dressed and undressed, use a wheelchair, use the toilet, walk, move around, get up, and turn themselves around. As far as the degree of dependency is concerned, where global self-care is concerned, 7,9% of them were totally dependent without any kind of participation, 91,7% needed someone’s help and 0,4% only needed equipment. Conclusion: The results, besides demonstrating that they need help to perform at least one of the activities inherent to each set of self-care tasks, also show that they are more likely to be exposed to a higher risk of compromising bodily processes. In view of the above, it is necessary to be aware of this reality, from an epidemiological point of view, in order to plan the proper care to meet their needs and to lead to improved health.
ABSTRACT - Introduction: In the world we live in today, as a result of the socio-demographic, economic and structural changes, dependency on self-care is becoming more and more important, and nowadays it is of great concern to the social health policies to identify the people in a dependency situation and to come up with solutions that are suitable to meet their needs. Objective: The aim of this study is to characterize and describe people dependent on selfcare, integrated within a traditional family, within a private household, in a specific region in Northern Portugal. Material and methods: In a study of a quantitative, exploratory and descriptive correlation nature, and using a random, stratified and proportional probabilistic sampling technique, 2126 classic families were identified in Pac¸os de Ferreira, in a “door-to-door” approach. 248 of them were found to have dependent members and 241 of these families accepted to take part in this research. Forms entitled “Families with Self-Care Dependent members” were used as instruments of data collection. Results: The results showed that the dependent people were mainly female and of a higher age group. As for the degree of dependency on self-care, it was shown that the higher percentage of dependent people who at least need someone’s help, mostly include those who can take care of themselves: take their own medicine, feed themselves, get ready, bath or shower, get dressed and undressed, use a wheelchair, use the toilet, walk, move around, get up, and turn themselves around. As far as the degree of dependency is concerned, where global self-care is concerned, 7,9% of them were totally dependent without any kind of participation, 91,7% needed someone’s help and 0,4% only needed equipment. Conclusion: The results, besides demonstrating that they need help to perform at least one of the activities inherent to each set of self-care tasks, also show that they are more likely to be exposed to a higher risk of compromising bodily processes. In view of the above, it is necessary to be aware of this reality, from an epidemiological point of view, in order to plan the proper care to meet their needs and to lead to improved health.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Dependente Autocuidado Dependência no autocuidado Família Dependent Self-care Dependent on self-care Family
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Ribeiro, Olga; Pinto, Cândida - Caracterização da pessoa dependente no autocuidado : um estudo de base populacional num concelho do norte de Portugal = Characteristics of a person who is dependent on self-care : a population based study in a region in the North of Portugal. Revista Portuguesa de Saúde Pública. ISSN 0870-9025. Vol. 32, Nº 1 (Janeiro/Junho 2014), p. 27-36
Editora
Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública