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The Performative Flow, An Ethnography of Performance of the Teyyams from North Malabar.
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A performance ritual tem sido descrita utilizando a noção de limiaridade (van Gennep 1909; Turner 1969). O fluxo, conceito proposto por Csikszentmihalyi (1975) e retomado por Turner (1979), pode descrever o mesmo estado, com a vantagem de se concentrar no processo. Observei que a obtenção do fluxo (ou limiaridade), embora desejável para algumas disciplinas artísticas, não é facilmente conseguida pelos intérpretes dos géneros estéticos contemporâneos.
O que causa a limiaridade e o fluxo no ritual? Existem procedimentos que possam induzir um estado de fluxo (ou uma condição limiar)? Se sim, estes elementos são eficazes para qualquer indivíduo? E podem ser aplicadas às artes performativas contemporâneas?
Nesta tese, procuro responder a estas questões, recorrendo ao estudo etnográfico de uma tradição ritual, os teyyams do norte do Malabar, sudoeste da Índia. Para isso, começo por fazer o enquadramento do estudo nos Estudos da Performance e por propor um conceito estrito de performance, através de uma análise hermenêutica e crítica.
Articulando esta ideia de performance com a de fluxo, resulta a noção de fluxo performativo, que será operacionalizada no estudo etnográfico. É também esboçada uma estrutura metodológica para a etnografia da performance, com a qual se procederá ao estudo da tradição ritual. Para além de procurar responder às questões enumeradas, de carácter mais geral e abstracto, a tese também procura ser uma investigação exaustiva e inovadora do ritual dos teyyams, a partir da perspectiva dos Estudos da Performance.
Ritual performance has been described using the notion of liminality (van Gennep 1909; Turner 1969). Flow, a concept proposed by Csikszentmihalyi (1975) and appropriated by Turner (1979), may describe the same state, with the advantage that it focuses on the process. I have observed that the attainment of flow (or liminality), although desirable for some artistic disciplines, is not easily achieved by performers in contemporary aesthetical genres. What causes ritual liminality and flow? Are there procedures that can induce a state of flow (or a liminal condition)? If so, are these elements effective for any individual? And can they be applied to the contemporary performing arts? In this thesis I attempt to answer these questions, with recourse to the ethnographic study of a ritual tradition, the teyyams from North Malabar, southwest India. To this end, I begin by framing the study within Performance Studies and by proposing a strict concept of performance, through a hermeneutic and critical analysis. Combining this idea of performance with that of flow, I extract the notion of performative flow, which will be operationalized in the ethnographic study. I also outline a methodological framework for the ethnography of performance, with which the study of the ritual tradition will proceed. In addition to seeking to answer the questions listed, of a more general and abstract nature, the thesis also seeks to be an exhaustive and inno
Ritual performance has been described using the notion of liminality (van Gennep 1909; Turner 1969). Flow, a concept proposed by Csikszentmihalyi (1975) and appropriated by Turner (1979), may describe the same state, with the advantage that it focuses on the process. I have observed that the attainment of flow (or liminality), although desirable for some artistic disciplines, is not easily achieved by performers in contemporary aesthetical genres. What causes ritual liminality and flow? Are there procedures that can induce a state of flow (or a liminal condition)? If so, are these elements effective for any individual? And can they be applied to the contemporary performing arts? In this thesis I attempt to answer these questions, with recourse to the ethnographic study of a ritual tradition, the teyyams from North Malabar, southwest India. To this end, I begin by framing the study within Performance Studies and by proposing a strict concept of performance, through a hermeneutic and critical analysis. Combining this idea of performance with that of flow, I extract the notion of performative flow, which will be operationalized in the ethnographic study. I also outline a methodological framework for the ethnography of performance, with which the study of the ritual tradition will proceed. In addition to seeking to answer the questions listed, of a more general and abstract nature, the thesis also seeks to be an exhaustive and inno
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Fluxo Performance Ritual Teyyam Flow