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Torrefaction Upgrading of Heterogenous Wastes Containing Cork and Chlorinated Polymers

2022-08Artigo científico Acesso aberto
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dc.contributor.authorLongo, Andrei
dc.contributor.authorNobre, Catarina
dc.contributor.authorSen, Ali
dc.contributor.authorPanizio, Roberta
dc.contributor.authorBrito, Paulo
dc.contributor.authorGonçalves, Margarida
dc.contributor.institutionMEtRICS - Centro de Engenharia Mecânica e Sustentabilidade de Recursos
dc.contributor.pblMDPI AG
dc.date.accessioned2022-12-06T22:14:44Z
dc.date.available2022-12-06T22:14:44Z
dc.date.issued2022-08
dc.descriptionFunding Information: The authors would like to acknowledge financial support by FCT—Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia within the R&D Units MEtRICs (UIDB/04077/2020-2023 and UIDP/04077/2020-2023). Andrei Longo acknowledges the project AmbWTE–POCI 01-247-FEDER-039838 for the research grant. Funding Information: This work was supported by national funds through the Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia, I.P.P (Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology) by the project (UIDB/04077/2020-2023 and UIDP/04077/2020-2023) of Mechanical Engineering. Publisher Copyright: © 2022 by the authors.
dc.description.abstractTorrefaction of two mixed wastes composed of cork and chlorinated polymers was studied at temperatures from 200 to 350 °C, for residence times of 30 and 60 min. These wastes were recovered from sandwich panels with cork core, have different contents of cork biomass and chlorinated polymers and present poor fuel properties for energy recovery applications. The raw wastes and the produced biochars were characterized for proximate and ultimate analysis, chlorine content, mineral composition, calorific value, mass yield, energy density, particle size distribution, and adsorption capacity towards cationic and anionic dyes. Torrefaction enabled the production of biochars with mass yields from 97.2 to 54.5%, with an increase in 12.1 to 37.9% in apparent density relative to the raw wastes, and HHV from 18.2 to 20.7 MJ/kg. Nevertheless, the chlorine content of the biochars was increased to values higher than 5%, inadequate for solid fuels. Dechlorination of the biochars by washing with hot water enabled 84 to 91% removal of the chlorine species achieving final concentrations lower than 1%, without significant reduction in the biochars calorific values. For the waste with higher polymer and ash content, the torrefaction process reduced the heating value; therefore, energy valorization was not adequate. Both the raw wastes and the biochars were tested as adsorbents for cationic and anionic dyes. After activation with KOH, both the raw materials and the biochars had removal efficiencies higher than 90% for methylene blue, a cationic dye often found in industrial effluents. The results showed that torrefaction combined with hot water washing converted these wastes to biochars with the potential for energy or material valorization contributing to a circular economy in the cork industrial sector.en
dc.description.versionpublishersversion
dc.description.versionpublished
dc.format.extent21
dc.format.extent1930064
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/environments9080099
dc.identifier.issn2076-3298
dc.identifier.otherPURE: 48153037
dc.identifier.otherPURE UUID: 4b848e40-3cab-447a-9c44-1224a42b2db0
dc.identifier.otherScopus: 85136781113
dc.identifier.otherWOS: 000845927600001
dc.identifier.otherORCID: /0000-0002-0940-519X/work/124250790
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10362/146031
dc.identifier.urlhttps://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85136781113
dc.language.isoeng
dc.peerreviewedyes
dc.relationinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/UIDB%2F00239%2F2020/PT
dc.relationinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/UIDB%2F05064%2F2020/PT
dc.relationResearch Center for Endogenous Resource Valorization
dc.relationNot Available
dc.relationForest Research Centre
dc.relationinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/UIDB%2F05064%2F2020/PT
dc.subjectchlorine-containing waste
dc.subjectenergetic valorization
dc.subjectindustrial waste
dc.subjectmaterial valorization
dc.subjectpolymeric waste
dc.subjecttorrefaction
dc.subjectEcology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
dc.subjectRenewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
dc.subjectGeneral Environmental Science
dc.subjectSDG 7 - Affordable and Clean Energy
dc.subjectSDG 8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth
dc.subjectSDG 12 - Responsible Consumption and Production
dc.titleTorrefaction Upgrading of Heterogenous Wastes Containing Cork and Chlorinated Polymersen
dc.typejournal article
degois.publication.issue8
degois.publication.titleEnvironments - MDPI
degois.publication.volume9
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.awardNumberUIDB/05064/2020
oaire.awardNumberdl 57/2016/CP1364/CT0010
oaire.awardNumberUIDB/00239/2020
oaire.awardTitleResearch Center for Endogenous Resource Valorization
oaire.awardTitleNot Available
oaire.awardTitleForest Research Centre
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/UIDB%2F05064%2F2020/PT
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/DL 57%2F2016/dl 57%2F2016%2FCP1364%2FCT0010/PT
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/UIDB%2F00239%2F2020/PT
oaire.fundingStream6817 - DCRRNI ID
oaire.fundingStreamDL 57/2016
oaire.fundingStream6817 - DCRRNI ID
project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
rcaap.rightsopenAccess
relation.isProjectOfPublication94f44987-5b99-4304-a8ae-3ed730e98532
relation.isProjectOfPublicationfb11716d-9b57-4c26-a9e9-acb216e35c31
relation.isProjectOfPublication3e4e8c15-b7bc-4b0f-b32a-764022bf66d2
relation.isProjectOfPublication.latestForDiscovery3e4e8c15-b7bc-4b0f-b32a-764022bf66d2

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