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Os Indicadores Que Influenciam o Bem-Estar: Proposta de um Dashboard sobre a Realidade Global
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Resumo(s)
A globalização económica, o crescimento dos conflitos internacionais, o agravamento dos efeitos da mudança climática e o aprofundamento das iniquidades, entre outros desafios socio-económicos, estão a alimentar a necessidade de encontrar alternativas à forma como promovemos o crescimento social e o bem-estar. Têm sido apresentadas diversas propostas de medição do progresso de uma nação que corrigem o cálculo do PIB, nomeadamente medindo o bem-estar ao nível da economia de uma nação. Assim, parece relevante perceber quais são as diferentes formas de medir o bem-estar nacional e, em particular, identificar quais as variáveis que mais influenciam o bem-estar numa sociedade.
O objectivo do presente estudo é identificar os diferentes factores associados ao bem-estar societal e formas de o medir, avaliar se as diferentes formas de mensuração reflectem as mais recentes descobertas científicas nesta área de pesquisa, e identificar quais as variáveis que mais influenciam o bem-estar de uma nação.
A metodologia que utilizámos resulta da combinação da metodologia PRISMA com literatura cinzenta que nos permitiu identificar as diferentes mensurações do bem estar nacional. Com apoio da análise estatística testamos a influencia dos vários indicadores no bem-estar nacional e recolhemos as opiniões dos especialistas sobre os resultados num workshop realizado para o efeito.
Seguindo a abordagem do painel de indicadores (dashboard) para medir o bem-estar, utilizamos os indicadores do relatório da OCDE How’s Life como base de construção do painel e adicionamos dimensões e indicadores que, de acordo com o enquadramento teórico, pareciam ser relevantes e estar em falta.
Constituímos uma base de dados (BD) com 142 variáveis e 15 países e identificamos, através de análise estatística, que o painel poderia ser simplificado para as 10 variáveis que mais influenciam o bem-estar a nível nacional – 5 variáveis que influenciam positivamente o bem-estar e 5 variáveis que o influenciam negativamente – chegando desta forma a uma proposta de dashboard: o Well-Being Balanced Scorecard (WBBS) ou Painel de Controlo de Bem-Estar Sustentável (PCBES).
Conseguimos estabelecer um modelo de causalidade para o bem-estar que nos indicou quais os pesos de cada uma das variáveis explicativas do bem-estar. Identificámos as variáveis Inequalities Satisfaction with Time Use – Women e Social Support como aquelas que aparentemente mais peso têm para explicar o bem-estar.
Na sequência da operacionalização do índice compósito de bem-estar para todos os países da nossa base de dados, baseado nas variáveis que identificamos como mais influenciadoras para o bem-estar nacional, verificámos que os países nórdicos, que tipicamente lideram as classificações de bem-estar, aparentemente são destronados, dando espaço a que se questionem os índices de bem-estar que conhecemos hoje.
Considering economic globalization, the international conflicts increment, the worsening of climate change effects, and the deepening of inequalities, among other socio-economic challenges, the need to find out alternatives to how we shape societal growth and well-being has spurred. Many proposals to measure a nation’s progress have been put forward in ways to correct or complement GDP, namely measuring a nation’ well-being. Thus, it is relevant to understand the different national well-being measurements available and, most importantly, identify what are the most relevant indicators influencing societal well-being. The methodology we’ve used is the result of combining PRISMA methodology with grey literature, which allowed us to identify the different national well-being measurements. Supported on statistical analysis, we tested the influence of the several identified indicators on national well-being and gathered the specialists’ feedback on the achieved results over a dedicated workshop we ran for this purpose. The objective of this study is to identify the different well-being societal factors and ways of measuring them, evaluate if the existing measurements reflect the latest scientific research, and assess which indicators influence well-being at a national level the most. Following the dashboard approach to measure well-being we used OECD’s How’s Life indicators as a baseline and we’ve added dimensions and indicators which seemed relevant from the theoretical framework. We’ve arrived at a database of 142 indicators for 15 countries and we’ve identified through statistical analysis that we can simplify the dashboard to 10 indicators as the most influential in terms of a nation’s well-being – 5 indicators influencing well-being positively and the remaining 5 negatively influencing well-being, thus achieving a proposed dashboard: the Well-Being Balanced Scorecard (WBBS). We were able to establish a well-being causality model which provided the weights for each of the indicators and identified the indicators Inequalities Satisfaction with Time Use – Women and Social Support as the ones which apparently carry the biggest weight in relation to well-being. As we operationalized the composite index for all the countries in our database sample, based on the key indicators influencing well-being, we observed that the Nordic countries, traditional leaders in well-being rankings, are apparently dethroned, providing room to challenge the available well-being indexes presented thus far.
Considering economic globalization, the international conflicts increment, the worsening of climate change effects, and the deepening of inequalities, among other socio-economic challenges, the need to find out alternatives to how we shape societal growth and well-being has spurred. Many proposals to measure a nation’s progress have been put forward in ways to correct or complement GDP, namely measuring a nation’ well-being. Thus, it is relevant to understand the different national well-being measurements available and, most importantly, identify what are the most relevant indicators influencing societal well-being. The methodology we’ve used is the result of combining PRISMA methodology with grey literature, which allowed us to identify the different national well-being measurements. Supported on statistical analysis, we tested the influence of the several identified indicators on national well-being and gathered the specialists’ feedback on the achieved results over a dedicated workshop we ran for this purpose. The objective of this study is to identify the different well-being societal factors and ways of measuring them, evaluate if the existing measurements reflect the latest scientific research, and assess which indicators influence well-being at a national level the most. Following the dashboard approach to measure well-being we used OECD’s How’s Life indicators as a baseline and we’ve added dimensions and indicators which seemed relevant from the theoretical framework. We’ve arrived at a database of 142 indicators for 15 countries and we’ve identified through statistical analysis that we can simplify the dashboard to 10 indicators as the most influential in terms of a nation’s well-being – 5 indicators influencing well-being positively and the remaining 5 negatively influencing well-being, thus achieving a proposed dashboard: the Well-Being Balanced Scorecard (WBBS). We were able to establish a well-being causality model which provided the weights for each of the indicators and identified the indicators Inequalities Satisfaction with Time Use – Women and Social Support as the ones which apparently carry the biggest weight in relation to well-being. As we operationalized the composite index for all the countries in our database sample, based on the key indicators influencing well-being, we observed that the Nordic countries, traditional leaders in well-being rankings, are apparently dethroned, providing room to challenge the available well-being indexes presented thus far.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Globalização Bem-Estar Bem-Estar nacional Dashboard Inequidades Globalization Well-Being National Well-Being Inequality