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Nitrate–Nitrite Interplay in the Nitrogen Biocycle

2025-07Recensão Acesso aberto
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dc.contributor.authorMaiti, Biplab K.
dc.contributor.authorMoura, Isabel
dc.contributor.authorMoura, José J.G.
dc.contributor.institutionLAQV@REQUIMTE
dc.contributor.pblMDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
dc.date.accessioned2025-09-04T22:22:52Z
dc.date.available2025-09-04T22:22:52Z
dc.date.issued2025-07
dc.descriptionThis research was funded by DST-SERB for the CRG grant (file no CRG/2022/005673) Copyright: © 2025 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
dc.description.abstractThe nitrogen cycle (N-cycle) is a cornerstone of global biogeochemistry, regulating nitrogen availability and affecting atmospheric chemistry, agricultural productivity, and ecological balance. Central to this cycle is the reversible interplay between nitrate (NO3−) and nitrite (NO2−), mediated by molybdenum-dependent enzymes—Nitrate reductases (NARs) and Nitrite oxidoreductases (NXRs). Despite catalyzing opposite reactions, these enzymes exhibit remarkable structural and mechanistic similarities. This review aims to elucidate the molecular underpinnings of nitrate reduction and nitrite oxidation by dissecting their enzymatic architectures, redox mechanisms, and evolutionary relationships. By focusing on recent structural, spectroscopic, and thermodynamic data, we explore how these two enzyme families represent “two sides of the same coin” in microbial nitrogen metabolism. Special emphasis is placed on the role of oxygen atom transfer (OAT) as a unifying mechanistic principle, the influence of environmental redox conditions, and the emerging evidence of bidirectional catalytic potential. Understanding this dynamic enzymatic interconversion provides insight into the flexibility and resilience of nitrogen-transforming pathways, with implications for environmental management, biotechnology, and synthetic biology.en
dc.description.versionpublishersversion
dc.description.versionpublished
dc.format.extent3073919
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/molecules30143023
dc.identifier.issn1420-3049
dc.identifier.otherPURE: 128681909
dc.identifier.otherPURE UUID: 520216b0-e8f3-431c-9492-fab61781ce2a
dc.identifier.otherScopus: 105011619862
dc.identifier.otherPubMed: 40733288
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10362/187551
dc.identifier.urlhttps://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105011619862
dc.language.isoeng
dc.peerreviewedyes
dc.relationFunding Information: info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/3599-PPCDT/PTDC%2FBTA-BTA%2F0935%2F2020/PT
dc.relationinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/UIDB%2F50006%2F2020/PT
dc.relationAssociated Laboratory for Green Chemistry - Clean Technologies and Processes
dc.relationAssociated Laboratory for Green Chemistry - Clean Technologies and Processes
dc.subjectmo-dependent enzymes
dc.subjectnitrate reductase
dc.subjectnitrite oxidoreductase
dc.subjectnitrogen-biocycle
dc.subjectAnalytical Chemistry
dc.subjectChemistry (miscellaneous)
dc.subjectMolecular Medicine
dc.subjectPharmaceutical Science
dc.subjectDrug Discovery
dc.subjectPhysical and Theoretical Chemistry
dc.subjectOrganic Chemistry
dc.subjectSDG 2 - Zero Hunger
dc.titleNitrate–Nitrite Interplay in the Nitrogen Biocycleen
dc.typereview
degois.publication.issue14
degois.publication.titleMolecules
degois.publication.volume30
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.awardNumberUIDB/50006/2020
oaire.awardNumberUIDP/50006/2020
oaire.awardTitleAssociated Laboratory for Green Chemistry - Clean Technologies and Processes
oaire.awardTitleAssociated Laboratory for Green Chemistry - Clean Technologies and Processes
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/UIDB%2F50006%2F2020/PT
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/UIDP%2F50006%2F2020/PT
oaire.fundingStream6817 - DCRRNI ID
oaire.fundingStream6817 - DCRRNI ID
project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
rcaap.rightsopenAccess
relation.isProjectOfPublicationadc84c24-ba1d-4bcd-b753-2128ce9a5faa
relation.isProjectOfPublication4d9a4d40-4803-4f3a-976b-d6eaaef42510
relation.isProjectOfPublication.latestForDiscovery4d9a4d40-4803-4f3a-976b-d6eaaef42510

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