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Protein Substitute Absorption

2025-08Artigo científico Acesso aberto
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dc.contributor.authorDaly, Anne
dc.contributor.authorPinto, Alex
dc.contributor.authorEvans, Sharon
dc.contributor.authorGeberhiwot, Tarekegn
dc.contributor.authorJackson, Richard
dc.contributor.authorCésar, Julio Rocha
dc.contributor.authorCésar Rocha, Júlio
dc.contributor.authorTang, Jonathan C.Y.
dc.contributor.authorMacDonald, Anita
dc.contributor.institutionNOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (NMS|FCM)
dc.contributor.institutionCentro de Investigação em Tecnologias e Serviços de Saúde (CINTESIS)
dc.contributor.institutionComprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC) - pólo NMS
dc.contributor.pblMDPI AG
dc.date.accessioned2025-09-10T21:37:31Z
dc.date.available2025-09-10T21:37:31Z
dc.date.issued2025-08
dc.descriptionFunding Information: This research was funded by Birmingham Children Hospital Charity Grant and Nutricia Research Grant Nutricia Ltd., Trowbridge, UK. Publisher Copyright: © 2025 by the authors.
dc.description.abstractBackground: The rate at which amino acids (AAs) are absorbed from casein glycomacropeptide (CGMP) when given as a protein substitute in phenylketonuria (PKU) is unknown. This three-way randomised, controlled, crossover study aimed to compare the AA absorption profile of phenylalanine (Phe)-free L-amino acids (L-AAs), low-Phe CGMP (CGMP) and casein in healthy adult subjects. Methods: Area under the curve (AUC) was measured over 240 minutes after ingesting one dose of each protein source on three separate occasions, under the same test conditions. A total of 0.4 g/kg protein equivalent of each test product (L-AA, CGMP and casein) was given. Fasted blood samples were collected from healthy volunteers at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180 and 240 minutes post-test. Insulin, blood urea nitrogen, glucose and total (TAAs), essential (EAAs), large neutral (LNAAs) and branch chain (BCAAs) amino acids were measured at each time point. Results: A total of 20 subjects (11 females), median age 43 y (range 23–49), with a median BMI 24.2 (20–30.5) were recruited. AUC was compared across groups. Statistically significant differences were noted for: AUC for TAAs and BCAAs between CGMP and L-AAs vs. casein [TAAs p = 0.008 and p = 0.03; BCAAs p = <0.001 and p = 0.002]. There were no AUC differences between L-AAs and CGMP. AUC was largest for L-AAs, then CGMP and finally casein. For LNAAs, EAAs, insulin, glucose and urea, there were no statistically significant differences. There was a consistent delivery of AAs for casein demonstrated by a sustained curve, but the absorption curves for L-AAs and CGMP were transient, rising rapidly and falling, with the exception of tyrosine with CGMP which showed a gradual increase over 240 minutes in contrast to L-AAs and casein. Conclusions: Amino acids from CGMP and L-AAs were absorbed more rapidly than casein, inferring CGMP did not mimic casein, a slow-release protein source. The tyrosine concentration curve for CGMP suggests a beneficial effect on the Phe: tyrosine ratio. Kinetic labelled studies will help bring greater understanding on the utilisation of AAs particularly important for protein synthesis.en
dc.description.versionpublishersversion
dc.description.versionpublished
dc.format.extent1163467
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/nu17162671
dc.identifier.issn1422-8599
dc.identifier.otherPURE: 128511996
dc.identifier.otherPURE UUID: 58c53778-45e1-40f3-879c-f99a096d5a69
dc.identifier.otherScopus: 105014265990
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10362/187769
dc.identifier.urlhttps://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105014265990
dc.language.isoeng
dc.peerreviewedyes
dc.subjectabsorption
dc.subjectamino acids
dc.subjectcasein
dc.subjectCGMP casein glycomacropeptide
dc.subjectphenylketonuria
dc.subjectFood Science
dc.subjectNutrition and Dietetics
dc.titleProtein Substitute Absorptionen
dc.title.subtitleA Randomised Controlled Trial Comparing CGMP vs. Amino Acids vs. Micellar Casein in Healthy Volunteers †en
dc.typejournal article
degois.publication.issue16
degois.publication.titleNutrients
degois.publication.volume17
dspace.entity.typePublication
person.familyNameRocha
person.givenNameJúlio César
person.identifier1257878
person.identifier.ciencia-idED11-107D-ABFB
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-4977-8345
person.identifier.ridK-5399-2013
person.identifier.scopus-author-id35196853000
rcaap.rightsopenAccess
relation.isAuthorOfPublication6f3a4609-8548-4ef1-8605-aef0498baf81
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscovery6f3a4609-8548-4ef1-8605-aef0498baf81

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