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Can deep eutectic systems and algae deliver sustainable bioactives and nutrients? A systematic review

2026-02-02Recensão Acesso aberto
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dc.contributor.authorPastor, Kristian
dc.contributor.authorDuarte, Ana Rita C.
dc.contributor.authorVladic, Jelena
dc.contributor.institutionLAQV@REQUIMTE
dc.contributor.pblRSC - Royal Society of Chemistry
dc.date.accessioned2026-04-29T15:10:02Z
dc.date.available2026-04-29T15:10:02Z
dc.date.issued2026-02-02
dc.descriptionPublisher Copyright: This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry, 2026
dc.description.abstractThe growing demand for sustainable extraction approaches has positioned deep eutectic systems (DESs) as promising, and often greener, alternatives to conventional solvents for valorizing algal and cyanobacterial biomass. This systematic review, supported by quantitative data integration and multivariate statistical analysis, analyzes peer-reviewed studies on the recovery of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, fatty acids, phytosterols, polyphenols, and pigments from microalgae, macroalgae, and cyanobacteria, and highlights the main challenges in applying DESs to biomass processing. To ensure comparability, extraction conditions, DES composition, biomass origin, and assisted extraction techniques were systematically examined, with results normalized across studies. Hydrophilic DESs, typically based on choline chloride, sugars, or glycerol, generally show high efficiency for proteins and phycobiliproteins, whereas hydrophobic systems derived from fatty acids or terpenes favor the extraction of lipids and lipophilic pigments. However, water content, viscosity, and biomass-solvent interactions can significantly modulate these trends, and deviations are reported. Ultrasound-assisted extraction is among the most frequently employed techniques to enhance DES extraction. Principal component analysis revealed clear clustering of algal species and DES formulations according to compound class, confirming polarity-driven selectivity for specific macronutrients, pigments and phenolics. Beyond selective extraction, DESs and natural DESs (NADESs) support biomass pretreatment and stabilization, and can mitigate off-flavors and odors, thus reducing both energy and solvent consumption while aligning with circular-economy principles. Although further research is required to address scalability and standardization, DES-based algal processing holds strong potential as a practical and sustainable route to producing functional ingredients.en
dc.description.versionpublishersversion
dc.description.versionpublished
dc.format.extent28
dc.format.extent2966320
dc.identifier.doi10.1039/d5gc05678k
dc.identifier.issn1463-9262
dc.identifier.otherPURE: 158810841
dc.identifier.otherPURE UUID: 04522933-b55a-4797-bb26-614c84c0130c
dc.identifier.otherScopus: 105027243979
dc.identifier.otherWOS: 001660104100001
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10362/202699
dc.identifier.urlhttps://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105027243979
dc.identifier.urlhttps://www.webofscience.com/wos/woscc/full-record/WOS:001660104100001
dc.language.isoeng
dc.peerreviewedyes
dc.subjectEnvironmental Chemistry
dc.subjectPollution
dc.subjectSDG 8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth
dc.subjectSDG 12 - Responsible Consumption and Production
dc.titleCan deep eutectic systems and algae deliver sustainable bioactives and nutrients? A systematic reviewen
dc.typereview
degois.publication.firstPage2138
degois.publication.issue5
degois.publication.lastPage2165
degois.publication.titleGreen Chemistry
degois.publication.volume28
dspace.entity.typePublication
rcaap.rightsopenAccess

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