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Oral Salvia officinalis phenolics abolish mortality and mitigate inflammation in acute TNBS murine colitis

2025-12Artigo científico Acesso aberto
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dc.contributor.authorDireito, Rosa
dc.contributor.authorRocha, João
dc.contributor.authorMelo, Inês Alves de
dc.contributor.authorGonçalves, Margarida
dc.contributor.authorDuarte, Maria Paula
dc.contributor.authorFernandes, Adelaide
dc.contributor.authorSepodes, Bruno
dc.contributor.authorFigueira, Maria-Eduardo
dc.contributor.institutionUBIA - Unidade de Biotecnologia Ambiental
dc.contributor.institutionDQ - Departamento de Química
dc.contributor.institutionMEtRICS - Centro de Engenharia Mecânica e Sustentabilidade de Recursos
dc.contributor.pblElsevier Science B.V., Inc
dc.date.accessioned2025-10-21T22:03:45Z
dc.date.available2025-10-21T22:03:45Z
dc.date.issued2025-12
dc.descriptionPublisher Copyright: © 2025
dc.description.abstractBackground: This study is the first to evaluate a phenolic extract of Salvia officinalis in the TNBS murine model of colitis. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) involves transmural oxidative and nitrosative stress that up-regulates inducible nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclo‑oxygenase-2 (COX-2). Although phenolic constituents of S. officinalis are anti-inflammatory in vitro, their efficacy has never been tested in the trinitrobenzene-sulphonic acid (TNBS) model of colitis. Methods: Aqueous-ethanolic sage leaves were extracted and standardized [(total phenolics = 6208 ± 200 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE) L−1; rosmarinic acid = 1.4 g/L). Male CD-1 mice received intracolonic TNBS (2.5 % w/v, 100 μL). Two hours later, and once daily for four days, they were gavaged with vehicle or sage extract (15 mg phenolic acids kg−1). Disease-activity index, colon length, macroscopic and histological scores, iNOS/COX-2 immunostaining, and survival (Kaplan-Meier) were recorded. Results: Extract markedly attenuated TNBS injury: diarrhea score fell from 3.0 ± 0.0 to 0.3 ± 0.2, ulcer length from 3.6 ± 0.1 cm to 0.8 ± 0.2 cm, and colon shortening was prevented (11.8 ± 0.2 to 12.9 ± 0.2 cm). Mortality dropped from 36 % to 0 %. Histology improved (score 3 to 1) and iNOS, COX-2 over-expression was normalized (4.25 to 2.19-fold and 2.48 to 1.03-fold, respectively). Ancillary paw-edema and cell-migration assays confirmed anti-inflammatory activity without indicating anti-metastatic effects. Conclusions: The extract given orally affords the first demonstrated protection against acute TNBS colitis, normalizing key inflammatory markers and abolishing procedure-related mortality. Sage phenolics indicate promising multitarget leads for IBD therapy, meriting chronic-model and pharmacokinetic evaluation.en
dc.description.versionpublishersversion
dc.description.versionpublished
dc.format.extent12
dc.format.extent3104314
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106870
dc.identifier.issn0367-326X
dc.identifier.otherPURE: 132574966
dc.identifier.otherPURE UUID: ce8174b8-119b-4a48-bed8-4db8eb90bfa8
dc.identifier.otherScopus: 105016322959
dc.identifier.otherPubMed: 40962152
dc.identifier.otherWOS: 001583900300001
dc.identifier.otherORCID: /0000-0002-0940-519X/work/194835199
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10362/189590
dc.identifier.urlhttps://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105016322959
dc.identifier.urlhttps://www.webofscience.com/wos/woscc/full-record/WOS:001583900300001
dc.language.isoeng
dc.peerreviewedyes
dc.subjectColitis
dc.subjectCOX-2
dc.subjectIBD
dc.subjectiNOS
dc.subjectProliferation
dc.subjectRosmarinic acid
dc.subjectPharmacology
dc.subjectPlant Science
dc.subjectDrug Discovery
dc.subjectHorticulture
dc.subjectSDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being
dc.titleOral Salvia officinalis phenolics abolish mortality and mitigate inflammation in acute TNBS murine colitisen
dc.typejournal article
degois.publication.firstPage1
degois.publication.lastPage12
degois.publication.titleFitoterapia
degois.publication.volume187
dspace.entity.typePublication
rcaap.rightsopenAccess

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